Full text of "A geography of New-Hampshire"

See other formats

Google

This is a digital copy of a book that was preserved for generations on library shelves before it was carefully scanned by Google as part of a project

to make the world's books discoverable online.

It has survived long enough for the copyright to expire and the book to enter the public domain. A public domain book is one that was never subject

to copyright or whose legal copyright term has expired. Whether a book is in the public domain may vary country to country. Public domain books

are our gateways to the past, representing a wealth of history, culture and knowledge that's often difficult to discover.

Marks, notations and other maiginalia present in the original volume will appear in this file - a reminder of this book's long journey from the

publisher to a library and finally to you.

Usage guidelines

Google is proud to partner with libraries to digitize public domain materials and make them widely accessible. Public domain books belong to the
public and we are merely their custodians. Nevertheless, this work is expensive, so in order to keep providing tliis resource, we liave taken steps to
prevent abuse by commercial parties, including placing technical restrictions on automated querying.
We also ask that you:

+ Make non-commercial use of the files We designed Google Book Search for use by individuals, and we request that you use these files for
personal, non-commercial purposes.

+ Refrain fivm automated querying Do not send automated queries of any sort to Google's system: If you are conducting research on machine
translation, optical character recognition or other areas where access to a large amount of text is helpful, please contact us. We encourage the
use of public domain materials for these purposes and may be able to help.

+ Maintain attributionTht GoogXt "watermark" you see on each file is essential for in forming people about this project and helping them find
additional materials through Google Book Search. Please do not remove it.

+ Keep it legal Whatever your use, remember that you are responsible for ensuring that what you are doing is legal. Do not assume that just
because we believe a book is in the public domain for users in the United States, that the work is also in the public domain for users in other
countries. Whether a book is still in copyright varies from country to country, and we can't offer guidance on whether any specific use of
any specific book is allowed. Please do not assume that a book's appearance in Google Book Search means it can be used in any manner
anywhere in the world. Copyright infringement liabili^ can be quite severe.

About Google Book Search

Google's mission is to organize the world's information and to make it universally accessible and useful. Google Book Search helps readers
discover the world's books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web

at |http: //books .google .com/I

GEOGRAPHY

NEW- HAM PS HIRE,

WITH

A NEW MAP OF THE STATE,

FOR FAMILIES AND SCHOOLS.

EHBRICIXO

1. A SHORT TOPOGRAPHICAL AND HISTORICAL SKETCH OF EVERT
TOWN.

S. A G£!VERA.L VIEW OF I\ACH COUNTY.

3. A GENERAL VIEW OF THE STATE, ITS NATURAL FEATURES, HIS-

TORT, AND INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS; AND OF THE EMPLOY
MENTS OF THE PEOPLE, THEIR EDUCATION, RELIGION, AND
GOVERNMENT.

4. A GLOSSARY, EXPLAINING THE GEOGRAPHICAL AND OTHER DIF-

FICULT TERMS.

BY JAMES G. CARTER.

" We have not distinctly conceived the situation of places till we
1 ' can, from our conceptions alone, represent those places in a drawing."

PORTSMOUTH, N. H» :
PUBLISHED BY NATHANIEL MARCH.

BOSTON:
UILLIARO, GRAY, LITTLE, ANIX WILKIN8,

1831.

USWIA-*^^^

HARVARD C01LE6E lISnAPtY

GIFT OF THE

ESSEX INSTITUTE

OF SALEM

Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1831,

Br James G. Carter,

In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of Massachusetts.

■r'A.'' •■■ >-«■

LIBRARY

AUG 6 ^996

'■w>~«i(awBrBrr~"'"*~xnr-rT

LANCASTER PRESS :
Caatsr, Ahdrbws, and Co. Printers.

PREFACE.

The plan of a Bystem of Geography for young learners, of
which the following work is a specimen^ was sketched at
length as early as 1822^ and then formed a part of an article
for one of our Reviews. Its destination was afterwards
changed ; and in 1824, it was published by the author in
" Letters on the Free Schools of New-England." The plan
was there introduced, as one among other illustrations, of
what was then, it is believed, for the first time called induo-
tivt instruction. Since that time, several small geographical
works, written upon the following plan, have been published,
and every part of the system has been subjected to the test
of ample experience. The very favourable reception which
the "Geography of Massachusetts," the "Geography of
Worcester County," the " Geography of Middlesex County,"
and the " Geography of Essex County," have met with from
those parts of the public for whose use they were particu-
larly designed, has induced the author to believe that a
'^ Geography of JNew-Hampshire," upon a similar plan,
" with a new Map of the State," would be highly accepta-
ble to parents, teachers, and all interested in the cause of
popular education.

A prominent feature of the system is to present the geo-
graphy of the earth, or a portion of it, in perspective. We
need to know most concerning those places which are
nearest to us 3 and the youth who has learned the geography
of his native state in the manner he will be required to
learn it by this book, will, it is confidently believed, have
acquired a mass of useful knowledge, knowledge useful in

11 PREFACE.

the daily conceme of life, which he could neTer get by the
▼ezy general treatises now in use. And although a little
more time may be spent, upon the pupiPs own county or
state than is required by the ordinary systems, yet it may be
suggested, that when the plan is followed out, the time may
be more than saved from that usually devoted to remote and
uninteresting quarters of the globe. But apart from the
value of the acquisition, even if no single fact could be turned
to practical account, nevertheless, the study should be pur-
sued for the discipline alone that it affords to the young
mind. The drawing of the position of places, rivers, moun-
tains, &c. will be found to fix the wayward attention of chil-
dren, and thereby greatly strengthen that important habit of
the mind. The changing of the scale in drawing, will be
found to exercise the power oT judgment to a degree of
which few studies are capable. The facts to be learned in
connexion with the drawing, will be a sufficient exercise of
the memory, without its monopolizing the whole intellectual
power of the pupil.

DIRECTIONS TO PARENTS AND TEACHERS.

The pupil ahould be provided with a geography and map
of New- Hampshire, and a small black board, 18 inches long
by 15 broad. If this cannot be easily procured, a slate and
pencil will very well answer the purpose. Let his attention
first be directed to the map, an|l inform him that the top is
north, the bottom south, the right hand east, and the left
hand west. Let him find on the map the town where he
resides, and observe carefully its shape, its ponds, its rivers,
and its mountains. All these he is to draw from the map
upon his small black board with chalk, or upon his slate with
a pencil, and to draw them over and over again, till he can
do it accurately from his conceptions alone. Next, direct
the pupil to observe on tiie map the boundaries of his town 5
and to observe them so carefully, aa to be able to name the
places which lie around his drawing, when his map is with-
drawn from him. He may then leave the map, and see what
is said of the town in the geography. He will find a short
account of it in its alphabetical place among the towns of
bis county. To show the pupil that he can understand the
whole matter, and that it is one of his own concern, he may
be encouraged to consider what things there may be worthy
of notice in the town besides those mentioned in the book,
as mills or fkctories, ponds, streams, hills, or mountains. If
the teacher can add any thing to the pupil's knowledge of
the place, relate any event or anecdote of history which hap-
pened there, or if he can refer the pupil to any correct
sources of information upon the subject within his reach, he
will not only add variety to the exercise, and thus fix the

attention, but will inculcate the very important habit of in.
▼estigation. And this habit may be foimed while children
are' yet very young. When one or two lessons have been
learned in this way, the teacher will have very little more
trouble with this part of the business, whatever may be the
number of his pupils.

For recitations, a large black board should be used, at
least three feet wide and three feet and a half long. This
should be so placed that the pupil, standing before it, may
have his face to the north, when, of course, his right hand
will be to the east, his back to the south, and his left hand
to the west. If the class consist of several, let one be di«
rected to draw the northern line of the town boundary.
Anothei may be invited to criticise the execution, and then
another may give his opinion. It may then withtidvantage
be submitted to the judgment of the whole class, that any
one who can detect an inaccuracy, may expose it. Let the
eastern l^oundary now be drawn, and subjected to the same
critical examination and amendment ; and so of the other
lines. A member of the .class may then name the towns
on the borders, marking the place of each, mentioning its
direction from the town drawn, and pointing to its actual
position with reference to the place he stands in. The
streams, ponds, and roads being also laid down in the same
manner, one of the pupils should be required to leave the
drawing, and point towards the ponds, and signify also by
pointing the actual direction of the streams and roads as they
pass through tiie town. Questions may now be asked to
elicit all other information that has been obtained respecting
the town. The facts as they are elicited should be as much
as possible connected with the drawing. If there be meet-
ing-houses, an academy, or factories im the town, let their
position be marked.

The second lesson may be one of the adjoining towns, or

two, if their lines can be easily drawn, and the matter to be
learned from the geography be small in amount. And in
this lesson, also, the personal knowledge of the pupil, or any
other sources of information, may be advantagoously ap-
pealed to. At reciting this lesson, the shape of the town or
towns may be drawn on a variety of scales. This exerciee
will be exceedingly useful, as a severe discipline of the mind
is involved in producing accurate proportions. And the
class should be kept constantly on the alert in judging of
the truth of the proportions between the several lines drawn
by their companion. When greater ease has been acquired
in drawing, and several towns can be despatched at a lesson,
there will be a wider field for this exercise in adjusting the
relative size and shape of different towns. Let the class
thus pass through their county, takiiig foi their lessons
groups of contiguous towns. Their lessons may be length-
ened with their increasing ability, and there should be a
review for every four or five exercises. On the completion
of the county, let the drawing of the whole of it be assigned
as a separate lesson ; or if this be too much, let there be re-
views of the towns till they can be all drawn promptly, with
the hills and streams, and an entire map of the county be
formed. Meanwhile, the pupil may be put upon the general
view of the county, always connecting his lessons with exer-
cises in drawing for the benefit of direct reference. Thus,
when engaged upon the part relating to towns, he may mark
the largest and most populous ', when upon that part respect-
ing inhabitants, he may point out the portions where the
people are employed in manufactures ; when upon the rivers
and mountains, he may draw them ; and when learning the
history, he may mark whatever places in the county may
be there mentioned. And lastly, he should be able, before
proceeding further, to do readily all that is required, and

answer promptly all the questions, in the " Review of the
County."

Having thus thoroughly acquainted himself with the geo-
graphy of his own county, the pupil may next proceed to the
Important towns on the great rivers and on the sea-coast of
the state. These finished, he may pass from towns to coun-
ties. Let him draw the outline of some county contiguous
to his own, learn its boundaries, the position in it of its
principal towns and the facts in the geography relating to
them, and also those in the " General View of the County."
This course should be pursued with each of the counties of
the state. After completing them, the pupil should review
them till he can promptly draw them all, and form an entire
map of the state. He should in the mean time be put upon
the general view of the state in his geography, and taught to
compare the relative importance of the counties, as indicated
by their respective territories and population, always con-
necting his lesson in the book with one in drawing, for the
benefit of direct reference. Thus, when engaged upon that
part relating to inhabitants, he may point out the portions of
the state most thickly settled, or those where the people are
employed in any particular business, as commerce, fishing,
or manufactures 3 when upon education, religion, or govern-
ment, he may mark the site of the chief literary and reli-
Sious institutions, the places for holding courts, and the seat
of government 3 when upon the rivers, mountains, and inter-
nal hnprovements of the state, he may draw them 3 when
learning the history, he may mark whatever places in the
state may be therein/mentioned.

The pupil should be taught to turn to the list of defini-
tions at the end of.the book for all difficult terms, and to ap-
ply to his instructor if he do not find them there. Regular
and close examinations by the teacher into his knowledge of

Vll

Ihe meaning of these terms, will accomplish, in this re-
spect, all that is desirable. ^

Parents and teachers iTeed not hesitate to undertake to
teach this system of geography to their children aiid pupils,
mei^ly because they have never been so tau^t themsblves.
If they possess only a moderate interest in the subject of
education, or the progress of the children under their care,
they may begin according to the above directions, with per-
fect confidence that they will find themselves competent to
every essential duty which will be required of them. And
their experience will be widely different from the author's,
if they can follow a class through the state, and witness
their drawings from day to day, without finding much clear-
ness and precision given to thoir own conceptions of the
situation of places, not to say their own knowledge of the
geography and resources of the state much enlarged.

- ^

% «

CONTENTS.

PAflB.
PARTICULAR VIEW OF CHESHIRE COCNTT, .... 1

GENERAL VIEW OF DO. .4 23

PARTICULAR VIEW OF COOS COUNTY, 28

GENERAt. VIEW OF DO 39

PARTICULAR VIEW OF GRAFTON COUNTY, 62

GENERAL TIEW OF DO 76

PARTICULAR VIEW OF HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY, . . 84

GENERAL VIEW OF DO« 102

PARTICULAR VIEvf OF MERRIMACK COUNTY, . . . 109

GENERAL VIEW OF DO 125

PARTICULAR VIEW OF ROCKINGHAM COUNTY, . . . 133

GENERAL VIEW OF DO 152

PARTICULAR VJEW OF STRAFFORD COUNTY, .... 159

GENERAL YIEW OF DO 184

PARTICULAR TIEW OF SULLIVAN COUNTY, .... 195

GENERAL VIt;W OF DO . 205

GENERAL TIEW OF THE STATE, 210

EDUCATION, 212

RELIGION, 215

GOVERNMENT, . . > 2lg

INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS, 217

ROADS, . • 218

X CONTENTS.

CA5ALS, : 220

* MOUNTAINS, , 221

RIVERS, * . . • 222

LAKES AND PONDS, 228

HISTORY, . / 228

GlftTERAL REVIEW OF THE STATE, * 232

CENSUS, 236

GLOSSARY, • . . . ' 241

GEOGRAPHY.

PARTICULAR VIEW OF

CHESHIRE COUNTY.

Alstead. This town at first received the
name of Newtown. Of the several ponds in
the town the largest is Warren's Pond, which
abounds with pickerel and perch. On the
streams of the town are various grist and saw-
mills, and a paper-mill. Guns are manufac-
tured here and shoes also are made in great
numbers and sold for large sums of money.
The farms are generally very good, and the
farmers cultivate them well. In the centre of
the town is an academy.

Chesterfield. When white people first came
to live in this place, they found a great many

Draw Alstead. How is it bounded? Draw ViTarren'*
Pond. Draw the streams of the town. Wliat was the name
of Alstead at first 7 What account can you give of Warren's
Pond t What mills are there in the town ? What manufac-
tares are there in town 7 What can you say of the farms and
fanners 1 In what part of the town is the academy 7 What
is the population of Alstead 7

Draw Chesterfield. How is it bounded 7 Draw Spafford's
Lake. Draw the stream which runs from it. How did the

2 PARTICULAR VIEW OF

bears, deer, and other wild animals in the
woods, and salmon and shad in the Connecticut;
and by means of hunting and fishing they were
often supplied with food. The town was once
called Number One. Towns on the Connecticut
have generally a broad strip of flat interval land
along the bank of the river ; but in this town,
for its whole length from north to south, hills
rise up very near the stream. There are a
great many hills in the place, but the high land
has a very good soil. West-River Mountain
is partly in Hinsdale and partly in this town*
It bears marks of having once been a volcano,
or a mountain that throws out from an opening
in the top, smoke, ashes, and fire, and hot and
melted stones. This mountain is said to trem-
ble now, sometimes. Some persons thought
from the opening in the top that there was a
silver mine here, and so have dug far down
into the rock. Iron ore of a very good kind
is found in this town. Spafford^s Lake is about
eight miles in circumference and full of clear
water, which comes up from springs at the
bottom. It is adorned by a fine island in the

first settlers of this town obtain part of their liring ? What
was the former name of Chesterfield ? How do the lands of
this town differ from others on the Connecticut ? Is the
•oil on the hills in this town good or is it barren f Vi^here
is West-River Mountain 7 What kind of a mountain is it
likely that this has been? What has been done in it?
What ore is found in this town t Describe Spafford's Lake.

CHESHIUK COUNTT. 3

centre, and it sends fortti to the Connecticut a
brook, which is sufficient to move the wheels
of some saw-mills and of a cotton factory. Ches-
ter6eld Academy in this town was for many
years the only one in Cheshire County, and
has long been respectable and successful.

Dublin. The first settlers of this township
came from Ireland ; and from Dublin, the chief
city of that country, the place received its
name. Dublin is on very high land, so eleva-
ted that there is none higher between it and
Connecticut River on one side, and the Merri-
mack on the other. The streams on the west
side of the town, therefore, run into the Ashue-
lot and so into the Connecticut ; while those on
the east side flow into the Contocook and
thence into the Merrimack. For the same
reason the rain, which falls upon one side of
the roof of a certain church in Dublin, finds its
way into the Ashuelot, and that which falls
upon tlie other passes into the Contoocook.
The land is rocky, and the farmers are obliged
to labour hard to raise good crops fi*om it ; but
it is very good for pasturing cattle. Breed's

What else is said of it? Give an account of Chesterfield
Academy. What is the population of the town f

Draw Dublin. How is it bounded ? Mark its ponds.
Draw its streams. Mark the place of Grand Monadnock.
Why did the town receive its present name ? How is Dub-
lin situated? Give some account of the course of the
Btreams in the town. What is said of a certain church 7
For what use is the land here best fitted f What mountains

4 PABTICUIiAB VIEW OF

Mountain rises near die centre of Dublin ; and
a large part of another mountaiD, called Grand
Monadnock, which is very celebrated, is in this
town. This mountain rises more than three
thousand feet higher than the surface of the
sea, and two thousand feet above the land at
the foot of it. It is the highest mountain in
this county, and can be seen for a great many
miles around, even far off in the States of Mas-
sachusetts and Vermont. Though it is very
tiresome to walk to the top of it, people often
do so, for tlie sake of the wide prospect, which
they can there behold. They see the villages
and churches of the neighbouring towns, ap-
pearing very small to them, and the uneven
country around pardy covered with wood and
pardy cultivated. No less than thirty ponds
near by, several streams, and far over the sur-
rounding hills a number of other mountains at
a great distance are distinctly visible. Once
the mountain was covered with trees and
shrubs, but it has been burned over several
times, till now it resembles a bare mass of
rocks. There are some caves in the side of
it, and on the eastern slope is found a great
deal of black lead.

are there in the town ? How high is Monadnock 7 How far
off can it be seen f Wh^ do people ascend it ? What can
be seen from the summit f Is toe mountain covered with
wood or is it bare of trees ? What can be seen on the side
of it t What is the population of Dublin 7

CHESHIRE C0C7NTT. 5

FUzwiUiam was at fir^t named Monadnock
Number Four, and at that time was a larger
township than it is now ; an extensive tract of
land having been taken from it to form the
town of Troy. The surface of the township
abounds with hills and rocks, although there is
also much good meadow land, and the soil is
generally fitted for cultivation and the raising
of cattle. In the northeast part of Fitzwilliam
and partly also in Troy rises Gap Mountain,
which a^rds good whetstones of different
kinds. The village of Fitzwilliam is very
pretty and is a great thoroughfare ; no less than
five turnpike roads meeting in the place.

GUsum is a small township generally rocky
and uneven, but there is some good arable land
free from stone. The soil in some parts is
fertile and produces good crops of grass and
grain.

Hinsdaie. The first settlement of white
people in this county was made at Hinsdale.
When the place was first occupied by them it

Draw Fitzwilliam. How ia it bounded f Draw the
streams in the place. What was the firat name of Fitzwil-
liam f How has its size been lessened 7 Describe the sur-
face and soil of the township. Where is Gap Mountain f
What kind of stones are found upon it 7 Give an account oi the
Tillage of Fitzwilliam. What is the popttlati<m of the town ?

Draw Gilsum. How is it bosnded 7 Draw the streanas
which pass tfaroueh it. : What is said of the size and soil of
iine township 7 ■ What-iathe-population f

Draw Hindsdalc*3 • How is it Wnded. Draw the stream*

6 PARTICUI^AE VIEW OF

belonged to Nortbfield, in Massachusetts, and
had forts in it to protect the inhabitants from
the Indians, their enemies. On that account
the place was at first called Fort Dummer and
Bridgman's Fort. The savages five or six
times killed people here and did other damage.
Three men, having left their wives and childi:en
in Bridgman's Fort crossed the river to hoe
corn. On their return they were fired upon
by the Indians ; and while one escaped, another
was shot and the third was drowned in the
Connecticut. The savages went direcUy to
the fort. The women, thinking they heard
their husbands, opened the gate, and to their dis-
may saw the Indians. They, with their chil-
dren, were taken priisoners and forced to walk
all the way to Canada. One of them, Mrs.
Howe, had several children, the oldest being only
eleven years of age and the youngest an infant.
She said "they were kept so hungry that she
skimmed off some crumbs and crusts of bread
from a swill-pail and eat them.'* They suffer-
ed much from weariness and the cruelty of the

savages. When they stopped to rest and her

« ■■ I II I.I 1 1 ■ t . I ■ ■ I II 1 1. ■ . I I II ■ -

in the place. What are their names. Why irere forts bnilt
in this town at first. What was the place then called ?
What happened here five or six times 1 Give an account of
the three men who were atCiicked. How did the Indians ^t
ilito the fort ? What did' they do> with the women and chil-
dren 7 How many children had Mw. Howe T What did
she say of their hanger 1 ^What wu d«ne tt> one iJtUe hoy t

CHESHIRE COUNTY. 7

little boy, four years old, sat down on his Indian
master's pack, he was often knocked off by his
master with a hatchet, so that the marks of the
blows could be seen plainly on his head when
he grew up. The Indians used to sell their
prisoners to the French, in Canada ; and she
was also sold to them, after having lived with
the savages nearly a year, separated from all
her children, even her infant, which soon after
died. One of her daughters resolved to marry
an Indian and told her mother so in a letter.
Upon this, she was taken away from the Indi-
ans by the French Governor, who was a very
good man. Another daughter wished to stay
among the French rather than go home with
her mother and she came away only because
she was forced to come. Mrs. Howe and
three of her children were at last ransomed for
a great deal of money and restored to their
friends.

Near the Connecticut is a trench, or broad
ditch, dug across a hill and separating it from
a plain back of it. This is a part of an Indian
fort built here before white men lived in the
place. West-River Mountain, mentioned in
the account of Chesterfield, reaches across the

What did the Indians do with Mrs. Howe 1 What do you
recollect of her two dau^ters ? Did Mrs. Howe erer re-
tarn to her friends ? What curiosity is there in this place
near Connecticut River ? How high is West-River Moun-

8 PARTICULAR VIEW OP ,

north part of the town, rising to the height of
eight or nine hundred feet. Upon it iron ore
and some other minerals are found. Mount
Pisgah lies in the eastern part of the town.
Connecticut River flows along the west border
making a great bend in its course and receiv-
ing just below it the waters of the Ashuelot
which flows across the town. A fine bridge
over the Connecticut connects this town with
Brattleborough, in Vermont. Hinsdale con-
tains large tracts of excellent interval, plain,
and high land.

Jaffrey. In the northwest part of this town-
ship rises the Grand Monadnock Mountain,
which is described in the account of Dublin.
Plumbago, or black lead has been found in
great quantities near it; and coarse pencils
may be made of the lead. Copper, lead, and
alum ore also have been seen in the town. At
some distance from the mountain is the Mo-
nadnock Mineral Spring, which throws upon
the ground, as it boils up, a yellow kind of

tain 7 What things are found upon it ? What other moun-
tain is there in the town f What are the courses of the Con-
necticut and Ashuelot ? How is the town connected with
Brattleborough ? What kinds of land are there in Hinsdale ?
What is the population ?

Draw Jaifrey. How is it bounded 7 Draw its streams, and
name them. Mark Monadnock. In what part of Jaffrey is
the Grand Monadnock 7 What is said of this mountain in
the account of Dublin 7 What mineral has been found near
it, and of what use is it 7 What other minerals are there in
the town 7 What spring is there near the mountain 7 For

I CHESHIRE COUNTT.

earth called yellow ochre. This is much used
for paint, and many tons of it have been carri-
ed to Boston for the painters. In Jafirey thero
are several streams which set in motion the
works ^of several mills and of a cotton and
woollen factory. The surface of the township
is uneven with numerous hills and meadows,
and has a gogd soil for grazing.

Keene. The name of this town was once
Upper Ashuelot. The township is much
smaller now than it was at first, large tract3 of
land havmg been taken from it and added to
Sullivan and Roxbury. The early inhabitants
of the place had a fort, into which they used
to retreat for safety from the Indians. Fifty
Indians, thinking to come upon the fbrt sud-
denly and take it, arrived one evening at a
swamp not far off and hid themselves, with the
design of waiting for the men to go into the
fields to work in the morning, and of then
rushing into the fort. For it was their custom
to make their attack upon places after the men
had separated to go to their labour. One man

what purpose is yellow ochre used ? What miile are there
in Jamrej Y Give an account of the surface of the township 7
How msmy inhabitants are there in Jafirey.

Draw Keene. How is it bounded f Draw the streams in
the place and name them. What was the former name of the
towB f Is Keene as large as it was at first f What did the
people of Keene use to do when the Indians attacked the
town t What plan did the Indians once lay to take the fort ?
What mm the custom of the Indians ? How was their plan

LO PABTICULiiR VIEW OF

eaving the fort early in the morning caught
light of them and gave an alarm. He had to
ight with two Indians, and took away from
>ne of them his gun and blanket and run into
he fort. The Indians, afterwards came out
md made their attack ; they burned the meet-
ng-house and all the houses and bams, killed
I man and a woman and carried one man off
nto Canada. It is likely that some of the
lavages also were killed, for mens' bones were
bund in the ashes of the buildings after the
ndians were gone. The white people after-
yards gave up the settlement and went away,
)ut returned to it again six years after. The
ndians soon assaulted the fort again, and in
he course of about a month did so the third
ime.

Ashuelot River is bounded on each side by
extensive and beautiful meadows and tracts of
)lain land. This broad valley is enclosed oi\
he north, east, and west sides by hich ground,
vbich gives the spectator upon it a full sight of
he delightful prospect below. Tlie chief vill-
ige of Keene is built on a level spot at some
listance east of the Ashuelot. The principal

^ I ■ ■■ m .^ ■ I II Mil II Mil I ^Mi I » — ^ fmm, » ■ ^— ^■^*^— ^— ^^■^■^^^■^^^^^M^^^^^^

isappoisted t What waB done by the man who discovered
bem 7 What harm was done by the savages f Were aBT of
he Indians killed 7 What became of the settLement ? bid
he enemy come again t

DeBcribe the course of the Ashuelot, in this place. How
5 the valley bounded on three sides ? Where is the principal

CHESHIBB COUNTY* 11

Street is a mile long, very broad and straight
and adorned with fine rows of trees shading
neat and elegant houses. The village presents
an interesting view of the country around it,
especially of the striking scenery of tlie sur-
rounding hills. Keene is the shire town of
Chester County and contains a seminary for
young ladies, a bank, and a printing-office
issuing a newspaper which is one of the oldest
in the state* Glass is manufactured here, and
there are several large stores for the sale of
goods to the people of this and of other towns }
a great deal of business is done iii the place.

Marlborough formerly included the greater
part of Troy. The soil is rocky, and suitable
for grain and jflax, and particularly for grass.

Marlaw. This township is uneven but not
very rocky. The soil is wet but productive.
There are large tracts of meadow land on
Ashuelot River of an excellent quality.

J^Tdson is situated on the height of land be-

village of Keene ? What do you recollect of the Main-
Street 1 What view is there from the Tillage. What does
the town contain? What business is done heiel How
many inhabitants are there in the place 1

Draw Marlborough. How is it bounded? Draw the
streams in the place. What town has been chiefly taken
from it? What is the soil? How many people live in
Marlborough ?

Draw Marlow. How is it bounded ? Draw the streaais in
the place. What is said of the land? How many inhabi
tants are there in Marlow 7

Draw rielson. How is it bounded? Draw its streams.

13 PARTICULAR VIEW OP

tween the Connecticut and Merrimack Rivers,
and a part of its waters flow through the Ash-
uelot into the former and a part through the
Contoocook into the latter. The surface is
hilly, but the soil is good for grazing. The
streams though small afford good mill privile-
ges. There is a cotton factory in which prop-
erty to the amount of $10,000 is invested.
^ Richmond. The first settlers of Richmond
came from the States of Massachusetts and
Rhode-Island. The township has generally
an even surface and a soil well suited to the
production of grain. The land is well watered
by small streams, some of which run into the
Ashuelot and part into Miller's River. The
town contains a considerable society of Friends,
or Quakers, who are generally a very quiet
and industrious kind of people. The people
of Richmond live very much scattered over
the place upon their farms, so that there is
no large village in the town.

Mark the ponds. What is the sritaation of the town f What
is said of the surface and soil ? What manufactory is there
in town ? How many inhabitants has Nelson ?

Draw Richmond. How is it bounded 7 Draw the streams
in the place. Where did the first people who lived in Rich-
mond come from 1 What account can you give of the sur-
face and soil of the township ? Where do the streams flow 7
What mention is made of the Friends or Quakers 7 Is there
a large village in Richmond 7 How many people live in the
town 7

CHESHIRE COUNTr. 13

Rindge* The land in Riiidge was given to
cenain persons by the government of the State
of Massachusetts, and from one of those per-
sons the town received its name. From the
opposite slopes of the high land in the place,
some streams run northeastwardly into the
Contoocook and thence to the Merrimack,
others southwestwardly into Miller's River and
thence to* the Connecticut. The soil is very
fertile, the fine swells of land having a southern
aspect or lying open to the sun from the south,
have a warm and productive surface. There
are in the town no less than thirteen ponds,
which contain abundance of fish. The Indi-
ans used lo come to these ponds very often to
hunt wild animals near them and to get their
soft and furry skins. People sometimes find
iron ore in Rindge, and a kind of earth, which
makes excellent paint. Here is also a Miner-
al Spring, or a spring whose water runs by or
through some metal or mineral, which gives it
a different taste from common water. The
chief village of Rindge is built on a street

Draw Rindge. How is it bounded 7 Draw its Btieama.
Mark the ponds. From whom did Rindse receiTe its name t
What is liie course of the streams in wis town T Give sn
account of the soil and surface of the township. Are there
many ponds in Rindge 7 Why did the Indians like to come
to these ponds 1 Wiat ores are found in this town 7 What
else is there that is remarkable in the place 7 How is the
largest village in Rindge built 7 How many live in the town 7

14 PABTIOULAB VIEW OF

almost straighti which forms part of a turnpike
road from Boston to Keene.

Roxhury is the smallest town in the county
both in territory and population. Roxbury pre-
sents a roughy uneven surface rising into con-
siderable swells, which affi>rd excellent graz-
mg land.

Stoddard was once called Limerick and
received its present name in honour of Coh
Stoddard, of Chelmsford, Massachusetts, who
was one of those persons to whom the land in
the town was given by the government. The
first family that setded here suffered very much,
being in an uncleared forest at a distance from all
other white people. The father could get grain
for his family only by walking twenty miles to
Peterborough and bringing it on his back all
the way through the woods. At one time his
family had no food for six days except the flesh
of a wild animal, called tlie Moose. The land
here is very lofty and rocky, and some of the
streams run down the eastern side of the high
land to join the Merrimack, and others down

Draw RoxbiUT. How is it bounded ? Draw the streams
in the place. What is said of its size 7 How many inhabi-
tants are there in Roxbuty 7

Draw Stoddard. How is it bounded t Draw its streams.
Mark its ponds. Give an account of the names Stoddanl
has received. What caused the sufferings of the first set-
tlers? How was srain obtained? What was done when
there was no grain f Is the town in a high situation 7 What

CHSSHIRB COUNTT. 15

the western side, passing into the Connecticut*
Stoddard contains several pretty large ponds
and some of less size, making fourteen in aU*
The township has a better soil for pasturing
and raising cattle than for grain. Great quan-
tities of butter and cheese, beef and pork re-
ward the labour and care of the farmers of this
town.

Sullivan is a small township. It took its
name from Hon. John Sullivan, who was once
a governour or the chief magistrate of New-
Hampshire.

Surry was originally a part of Gilsum and
Westmoreland. There is much valuable mead-
ow land on the banks of the Ashuelot. On
the east side of this river is a steep and high
mountain, on the sununit of which is a pond of
about 3 acres in extent and 25 feet deep.

Swanzey was formerly called Lower Ashu&-

mention is made of ponds in the town ? Wliot account can
joa give of the sou 7 What are the productions of the
place T What is its population 1

Draw Sullivan. How is it bounded f What stream pass-
es through it ? Draw it. What is the size of the townsnip 1
From whom did it take its name ? What is the population
of the town t

Draw Surxy. How is it bounded? Draw the principal
stream which passes through the town ? What is its name 7
From what town was Surry taken 7 What is said of the
meadow land 7 What mountain and pond are mentioned 7
What is the population of the town f

Draw Swanzey. How is it bounded 7 Draw the Ashuelot
and its branches. What was Swanzey formerly called 7

16 PARTiCULAB Vl£W OF

bt, as Keene was called Upper Ashuelot.
The Indians used to come into this town and
do as much hurt and kill or take prisoners as
many people as they could. Two men were
once carried oS by them into Canada, from
whence after a time, they returned. The
inhabitants at last abandoned the place, because
the savages were continually trying to destroy
them and injure their property, while they had
no soldiers to protect them. When they were
leaving the town, they buried their iron and
brass ware, their tables and chests and other
furniture in the ground and covered them over
with branches. After an absence of three
years they returned, and found that the Indi-
ans had burned all their buildings except one
and destroyed every thing near the place.
Ashuelot River runs through the town and is
deep enough for boats to pass up to Keene.
A large part of this township has an even sur-
face of plain and interval land. The intervals
bear good crops of grass; while the plains
having but few stones are easily tilled ; and
the higher lands, forming the largest part of
the township, have a strong and fertile soil.

Were the Indians friendly to the inhabitants 1 What hap-
pened to two of the inhabitants 1 Why did the people giVe
up the settlement f What did they do on leaving the place ?
In what situation did they find the town on their return f
How deep is Ashuelot River in this town ? Is there much
level land in tiie place 7 What else is said of the surface f

CHJESHIRE COUNTT* 17

The pioe woods supply lumber for ibis and
other places. There is iroo ore in the town,
and a mineral spring which has the taste of
iron. Cotton and woollen cloth, especially
cotton, are manufactured in considerable quan-
tities. There are a great many houses in the
place but they are very much scattered.

Troy was taken from Marlborough and
Fitzwilliam. It has but few streams or mill
privileges. The people are almost excluvsively
farmers.

TValpole. Eighty-one years ago white men
first came to live in this town, which was then
a forest. For some years they suffered a
great deal from the attacks of the Indians and
of the people of Canada, who were enemies to
the inhabitants of this part of the country. At
one time a company of savages came into tliis
place, killed two men and made themselves
masters of the fort. Col. Bellows, the chief
num in the town, was absent from home ; but
soon returning with 20 men, he met the Indi*

What if done with the pine woocbi 7 What spring is there
beret What articles are manufactured t Is the town
thickly settled 7 How many inhabitants has it ?

Draw Troy. How is it lx>unded ? Draw the streams in
the place. From what town was Troy taken f How many
people live in Troy 1

Draw Walpole. How is it bounded ? Draw its streams.
Mark Bellows Falls. How long ago was Walpole settled 1
What caused much snffbridg to the settlers ? What was the
success of the Indiana at one time ? How did the affair turn

18 PARTlCtTLAR VIEW OF

ans 50 in number ftnd figbtitig and forcing his
way he regained the fort without having one
of his men killed. For some time Walpole
bore the name of Great Fall from the great
descent of the Connecticut at this place.

These falls, now called Bellows' Falls, are
a great curiosity and are much visited by trav-
ellers. The Connecticut above them being
20 or 22 rods wide flows on, rapidly growing
narrower till it is not half as wide as before ;
here it is separated into two channels by a great
rock in the middle of its current, and at the
same place pitches suddenly down from a con-
siderable height, and ihen rushes on roaring
and tumbling over rocks and falls for a quarter
of a mile. When there is not much water in
the river, the eastern channel is hlocked up by
a rock stretching across it like a bar, and the
whole stream is forced through the western
passage, then not more than a rod wide. The
whole descent of the river in half a mile is 42
feet. A bridge built over the falls fifty feet
above the water, gives the traveller a noble
view of the river as it rushes and tumbles over
the steep and broken rocks. Shad pass up
the Connecticut to the falls but no farther, the

out at lut f What was once the name of Walpole t

Describe Bellows Falls. What happens when the river is
low 7 How much does the river fall 7 What fine view is
there of the foils 7 What is said of the Shad and Salmon

CHESHIRE COUNTY. 19

Salmon spring over the high rocks against all
the fury of the current, and ascend higher up
the stream. In order that boats and rafts may
continue their course on the river, a canal half
a mile long, with nine locks, has been opened
on the western side of the falls.

The intervals in Walpole are easily cultivat-
ed and cover themselves with abundant har-
vests, while the higher lands also have a very
productive soil. Cider, beef, and pork, butter
and cheese, are produced in great quantities in
this fine agricultural town. Connecticut River
flows along the whole Western border of the
township. Cold River runs across the north-
western corner into the Connecticut. Fall
Mountain in the north part rises to the height
of seven or eight hundred feet, and on a level
spot at its base is built the village of Walpole.
Numerous travellers and many loads of goods
pass through this village over the turnpike road
from Boston to Vermont. Besides the princi-
pal settlement in Walpole, there is another large
village called Drewsville.

passing up the Connecticut ? How do boats and rafU get bj
the falls f What is sadd of the lands in Walpole ? What
articles are produced here ? What river bounds the town-
ship on the west ? What river crosses the north-west comer Y
How high is Fall Mountain ? What is the situation of the
villa^ of Walpole ? Is the turnpike road through this place
much used ? What other village is there in Walpole besides
the principal- one ? How many inhabitants are there in
Walpole ?

20 PARTICULAR VIEW Or

Westmoreland was formerly called Great
Meadow. The first settlers of this town re-
ceived some injury from the Indians, who at-
tacked them a number of times. As one of
them, William Phips, was hoeing corn in a
field, he was taken prisoner by two of the In-
dians, who proceeded to carry him off. After
going half a mile, Phips with one of the Indi-
ans stopped on a steep hill, while the other
went down the hill for something they had left
behind. When he had gone, Phips struck
with his hoe the Indian who staid by him and
knocked him down; and then snatching up
his gun, killed the other coming up the hill.
Afterwards, however, falling in with three
more of the savages, who belonged to the same
company, he was killed by them in turn.

Connecticut River flows along the western
border of the township in a south-westerly
course, and receives die waters of some small
streams from this town ; especially one which
runs out of SpafFord's Lake in Chesterfield,
and supplies very valuable water power. On
the bank of the Connecticut there are interval

Draw Westmoreland. How is it bounded ? Draw the
fltream from SpafFord's Lake. Draw the other streams.
What was Westmoreland once called ? What injuries were
suffered by the first inhabitants of this town ? Relate the
ctory of William Phips. Did he at last escape ?

What is the course of the Connecticut by the township 7
What is said of one of the small streams running into it from
Wertmorelaod T What kind of land borders the Comiecti-

CHESHIRE CODNTT. 21

lands of great beauty and fertility. This town-
ship, unlike those around it, has a pretty even
surface.

Winchester. One of the earliest chief own-
ers of land in this place would not allow Dart-
mouth College to be established here, thinking
it would lessen the value of his property. The
town was at first called Arlington. In some of
the Indian wars upon the white people, this
town was attacked by the savages, and the
meeting-house and all the other buildings were
burnt. The township has generally an uneven
surface except in the south-east part, where
there is a great deal of plain land. There are
several small streams in Winchester, which
empty their waters into the Ashuelot. This
river runs from Swanzey into the north-eastern
corner of the township, thence takes a south-
westerly course to the centre of the place, and
thence flows in a westerly direction into Hins-
dale. At one place in the Ashuelot in this town
there are rapids, or rocks in the stream over
which the water runs very swiftly ; here the

cut in this town ? In what respect is this township unlike
those around it ? Mention the population.

Draw Winchester. How is it bounded 1 Draw Ashuelot
River and its branches in this town. V^hy was not Dart-

mouth College placed in Winchester ? What was the name

at first ? What injury
the Indians ? Give an account of the surface of the town-

of this town at first ? What injury was done to the town by

ship. Where do the small streams in Winchester empty 7
Describe the course of the Ashuelot. Can this river be as-

22 PARTICULAR VIEW, &ic.

loads of boats must be taken out and carried
some distance by land. Great numbers of
staves, casks, and shingles, and a great deal of
lumber, are sent down the Connecticut from
this town, to the state of Connecticut for sale.
Cotton and woollen cloth, nails and scythes,
are manufactured here, and there are also se-
veral trades carried on, and a number of mills
in operation.

cended in boats through the town ? What articles are sent
from the town for sale ? What business is carried on in the
place f How many inhabitants live here 1

GENERAL VIEW OF

CHESHIRE COUNTY.

Totons, Cheshire County is composed of
twenty-two towns. Keene is the shiire town
of the county, and contains the county buildings
and public offices ; but Chesterfield, Walpole,
and Westmoreland, each contain more inhabi-
tants than the shire town, and are the largest
in population in the county.

Inhabitants. In all the towns of Cheshire
County together, there are twenty-seven thou-
sand and sixteen persons. The people living
in the different towns have always been chiefly
engaged in labouring upon their lands, upon
which they raise crops of grass, Indian com,
and the English grains, and pasture great num-
bers of catUe. Large quantities of beef and
pork, butter and cheese, are sent to market,
principally to Boston. Cider and flax are also

How many towns are there in Cheshire Coun^ ? What
ia the shire town of the County ? What towns have more
people in them than the shire town ?

How many people live in this Counly ? What is the chief
business of the people ? What articles are sent to market ?
What other agncultiu^ productions are there ? What use

34 GENERAL VIEW OF

important, agricultural productions of the coun-
ty. A great deal of pine lumber is cut in die
woods and sawed out in the mills of Cheshire,
and sent down the Connecticut on rafts. A few
persons in all the towns gain a livelihood by
working at the various trades, and some peo-
ple are employed in factories.

Rivers. Ashudot River issues from a pond
in Washington, Sullivan County. It has many
bends and changes in its course, but flows gen-
erally in a south-westerly direction through
Cheshire County. The Ashuelot enters the
county at Marlow and leaves it at Hinsdale,

flouring its waters there into the Connecticut,
t is bordered by fertile and pleasant tracts of
interval land for a great part of its length, and
is for a considerable distance passable for boats.
Every town through which it passes, supplies
some addition to its waters.

Cold River receives its head waters from
Cold Pond, which lies on the boundary line
between Acworth and Lempster, in Sullivan
County. It runs generally in a south-westerly

is made of Connecticut River 7 What other employments
have the people ?

Where does Ashnelot River begin its course ? What is
its course ? Where does it enter and where leave this
county ? What is said of its banks and of its depths f How
are its waters increased f

Where does Cold River begin its course? Describe the
stream.

CHESHIBE COUNTT. 25

course, receiving a number of small streams
and afibrding water power of considerable im-
portance, and empties its waters into the Con-
necticut not far below Bellows' Falls in Wal-
pole.

Connecticut River, This great stream,
forming the entire western boundary of the
county of Cheshire, and separating it from
the state of Vermont, has scarcely reached this
county before it pitches with great violence and
noise down the steep rocks in its channel at
Bellows' Falls, These falls have been de-
scribed in the account of Walpole. Rafts of
lumber, and boats loaded with agricultural pro-
duce, can pass the whole length of the river in
this county and far above, avoiding Bellows'
Falls by means of a canal round them on the
Vermont side. The Connecticut is generally
bordered by a broad strip of beautiful and pro-
ductive interval land. It receives from this
county the waters of Ashuelot and Cold Rivers,
besides several smaller streams.

Cheshire County also gives rise to the head
waters of Miller's River, in the state of Massa-
chusetts, and of the Contoocook, in the coun-
ties of Hillsborough and Merrimack. Numer-

What is said of the Connecticat in this county ? What do
Ton recollect of the account of tibese falls in Walpole ?
What use is made of the Connecticut 7 What kind of land
borders the river 7 What increase of its waters does it re-
ceiTe from Cheshire County 7

ri,^

26 GENERAL VIEW OF

ous brooks running from hills and ponds in
all parts of the county irrigate the lands, and
supply abundant water power for mills.

Mountains. A ridge of highlands in the
eastern part of the county divides the streams
which flow into the Merrimack, from those
tributary to the Connecticut. Of these eleva-
tions the Grand Monadnock is the highest,
being indeed the highest mountain in the county,,
and rising more than three thousand feet above-
the level of the sea. Besides the eastern ridges,
there are other mountains in different parts of
the county, as Fall Mountain and West-River
Mountain.

There is in Cheshire a great deal of high
land well suited for grazing, and there are aTso^
large tracts of plain and moderately uneven
ground fitted for tillage. The towns on the
Connecticut contain valuable interval lands,,
very easy of cultivation.

History, Only one hundred and fifty years
since all Cheshire County was a wilderness,
inhabited by savages and wild animals. In

What other streams than those mentioned rise in this
county ? What is the use of the brooks 7

Why do some of the streams in this county run into the
Connecticut and' others into liie Merrimack T Which is the
highest mountain in Cheshire f Are there any more moun-
tains T

What kinds of land are there in the county^ and for what
use are Uiey fitted ?

What was the condition of Cheshire one hundred and fifty

CHESHIRE COUNTY. 27

1682 white men first came liere to live, and be-
gan a settlement at Hinsdale. Cheshire be-
came a county in 1771, and till 1827 embraced,
beside its present territory, the county of Sul-
livan.

REVIEW OF THE COUNTY.

Draw the north line of Cheshire County. Draw the east
line. The south. West* Hoin^ is the county bounded ?

Draw Keene. How is it bounded 1 What do you recol^
lect of the attack of the Indians upon this place ? How is
Keene situated? Which way is it from Chesterfield?
From Fitzwilliam ?

Draw Walpole. How 'is it bounded? Which way is it
from Keene i Describe the falls on the Connecticut at this
place ?

Draw Hinsdale. In what direction is it from Dublin ?
From Keene ? What do you recollect of the captivity of
JSf rs. Howe and her children at Hinsdale ?

Diraw Chesterfield. How is it bounded ? Mark the place
«f West-River Mountain. What do you recollect about the
Mountain ? Draw Dublin. In what direction is it from
Swanzey ? From Alstead ? Give some account of the Grand
Monadnock Mountain.

[The teacher may use his discretion as to extending this
veview of towns to any or all others in the county.]

Mark the place of Fitzwilliam. Of Stoddard. Winches-
ter. Jaffrey. Rindge. Westmoreland. Richmond. What
towns in the county contain academies ? How many towns
are there in the county ? How many inhabitants 7 Which
is tiie shire town ? What are the employments of people in
Cheriiire ?

years ago ? In what town did white men first settle ? Was
the connty ever larger than it is now ?

PARTICULAR VIEW OF

COOS COUNTY.

Bartleii. This town was so named from
respect for Gov. Bardett, of New-Hampshire.
It lies at the south-east extremity of the White
Mountains, and has Pequawkett Mountain on
the boundary line between it and Chatham.
Saco River runs in an easterly course to the
centre of the town, and tlien turns short almost
to the south and passes out of the town and
out of the county. The land in Bartlett is not
very excellent, but there are some fine tracts
on Saco River.

Berlin was formerly called Maynesborough.
It is a wild and uncultivated place, and contains
but few people.

Bretton Woods is a township of a wild and

Draw Bartlett How is it bounded ? Draw Saco River
and its branches. Mark Pequawkett Mountain. From whom
was fiartlett named 1 What is its situation ? What is the
course of Saco River through the township 7 Is the land in
Bartlett good ? What is the population of the town 7

Draw Berlin. How is it bounded 7 Draw Amariscoggin
River ? Which way does it run 7 What was the former
name of the town 7 What is said of the place 7 What is its
population 7

Draw Bretton Woods. How is It bounded ? Draw the

coos COUNTY. 29

uneven surface, chiefly covered with woods
which have never yet been cleared.

Cambridge, This township contains a part
of Umbagog Lake, and consists of rough and
uncultivated land.

Chadboume and Harfs Location is a nar-
row tract of land lying on both sides of Saco
River, and extending from the notch in the
White Mountains to land granted to Mr.
Royse, which separates it from Bartlett.

Colebrook was formerly called Colburne.
The township is well watered by Connecticut
and Mohawk Rivers with their tributary streams,
and contains a great deal of excellent land.
The Connecticut is bordered by tracts of in-
terval with a good soil.

Columbia is an uneven township, and on the
south mountainous, but is well watered by sev-

Amonoosuck as it flows through the place. Describe the
land in Bretton Woods. How many inhabitants has the town-
ship t

Draw Cambridge. How is it bounded ? Draw the streams
in the township ? What is the name of the largest ? What
lake extends into the north-east comer of the town 1 What
is said of the land ? What is the population ?

Draw Chadboume and Hart's Location. How is it situa-
ted ? What is the population ?

Draw Colebrook. How is it bounded ? Draw Mohawk
River and its branches. What was once the name of the
town? Give some account of the surface of the place.
What kind of land borders the Connecticut 7 How many
people live here t

Draw Columbia. How is it bounded ? Draw the streams
in the place. Describe the surface of the township 7 WhsA
curiosity is there here 1 What is the population 7

30 PARTICULAR VIEW OP

eral streams. Shells in great numbers cover
the borders of Lime Pond in the north part of
Columbia, and are made into lime.

Daiton. This town was inhabited by only
two families for a considerable period after its
settlement. It was named Daiton from one
of those to whom it was first granted by the
government. The town is situated on the fer-
tile banks of Connecticut River, which here,
just below the mouth of John's River, begins
its rushing and foaming course over Fifteen-
Mile Falls.

DixvUle took its name from the late CoL
Timothy Dix, of Boscawen. It is an uneven
township, well watered by numerous smair
streams which pass through the town from the
neighbouring mountains.

Dummer is watered by Philips' and Amar-
iscoggin Rivers. It is but thinly inhabited, be-
ing almost entirely a wilderness.

Errol. On the eastern boundary line of
Errol, separating the township from the state of

Draw Daiton. How is it bounded ? Draw its streams^
How many inhabitants had it for a long period after it was
settled? Why was it named Daiton? What mention \»
made of the Connecticut ? What is the population of the
place ?

Draw Dixville. How is it bounded 7 Draw its streamti.;.
From whom did it take its name ? Describe its surface.
What is its population f

Draw Dummer. How is it bounded ? Draw Philips' and
Amariscoggin Rivers. What is the popultition of the place f *

Draw En-ol. How is it bounded 1 Draw the rivers anit
the lake in the place. Where is the lake T Why is very.

coos COUNTY. 31

Maine, spreads out a large lake, caDed Umba-
gog. The country around has very few inhab-
itants, and very few travellers have been there ;
so that but little is known of the Lake. It is
a large collection of water, and is said to be
about 18 miles long and from 1 to 10 miles
wide. Water runs out of the Lake into
Araeriscoggin River.

Hales* Locationy situated west of Conway, is
not an incorporated town. It was granted to
Maj. Samuel Hale, of Portsmouth.

. Jackson. The first white family that lived
in this township came here during the Ameri-
can Revolution, and continued fourteen years
in the place without neighbours. Jackson lies
east of the White Mountains, in the south-east
part of Coos County. It contains five or six
high elevations, of which Black and Thorn
Mountains are among the steepest and loftiest.
Tlie soil of the t swnship is generally good.

Jefferson, A conij)rjiy of Indians Cinnc in-
to tliis town during the Revoliilion, and took a

little known of it ? How large is it said to be t How many
people live in Errol ?

Draw Hales' Grant or Location. How is it bounded 1 To
whom was it granted ? What is its population t

Draw Jackson. How is it bounded ? Mark its mountains.
Did many settlers come here at first? How is the township
situated 1 Which arc the chief mountains in Jackson 1
What is said of the soil ? What is the population ?

Draw Jefferson. How is it boundea? Mark its moun-
tains. R«Iat« the story of the man taken by the Indians.

32 PARTICULAR VIEW OF

man prisoner in his own house, intending to
carry him off to Canada. But they permitted
him to go into another room to prepare a few
things for his journey ; when he was there he
sprang out of a window, ran into the woods,
and made his escape. Another white man
directed his course to the river, and went safe-
ly across on a log, though he was fired at on
his passage by one of the enemy. The sava-
ges then took provisions and whatever else
they wished for from the house and left the
place. There is a great extent of low swampy
land in the western part of Jefferson, and a
high mountain in the south-east corner, called
Pondicherry, much of which, however, lies in
Bretton Woods. In the north-east is another
mountain, which has the name of Mount Pliny.
In the east of the township, south of Mount
Pliny, are some valuable and well cultivated
lands. Israel's River runs the whole length
of the township.

Kilkenny. This wild and mountainous
township is fitted for hunting than for cultiva-
tion, being chiefly taken up by two mountains,
called WiUard'sand Pilot's Mountains, from Mr.

How did another white man escape ? What was done by
the savaffes before leaving the place ? Describe the west
part of toe township. Is mere any good land here ? What
stream is there in Jefferson 1 What is the population T
Draw Kilkenny. How is it bounded ? Mark its Moun-
tains. What kind of land is there in this township 7 Give

coos COUNTY. 33

Willard, a hunter, and his dog, Pilot. This
man used to live on the east side of these
mountains, but once lost himself while hunting,
and was not able for two or three days to find
his way back. He grew very tired and hun-
gry, and faint. At last, having noticed that his
dog went off every day and came back about
dark, be determined to go with him. The
dog soon led hini home.

Ixtncaster. In 1763, only 67 years since,
white men first came to live in Coos County,
and setded in this town. For the whole dis-
tance from Haverhill, in Grafton County, to
Lancaster, there was then not a single white in-
habitant on their route. The town was for a
time called Upper Cohos. Lancaster has the
Connecticut on its north-western border for ten
miles of its course ; and Israel's River flows
across the township from Jefferson to join the
Connecticut. There are also several other
small streams and two ponds in the place, so
that it is well watered. A broad tract of in-
terval forms the bank of the Connecticut, and
there is some also on Israel's River ; it is form-

an account of what happened here to Mr. Willard. How
many inhabitants are there in Kilkenny ?

Draw Lancaster. How is it bonnded T Draw Israel's Riv-
er and the other small streams in the place. What happen-
ed in 1763 ? How thickly was tiie country then settled ?
What was once the name of the place ? What is the situa-
tion of Lancaster? Is the township well watered? What
kind of land borders the Connecticut and Israer* River 7

34 PABTICULAR VIEW OF

ed from the so3 washed by the stream from its
banks, and brought down and deposited here.
Considerable plain lai)d of a good quality lies
above the level of the meadows ; the high lands
also are cultivated except in the south-east part
of the township, where they are mountainous.
The town is built on both banks of Israel's
River, which are united by a bridge. The
chief part of the village is on the north bank,
on a street running north from the river. Lan-
caster contains an academy, a court-house, and
a jail.

Milan was formerly called Paulsburgh.
There are several ponds in the town, and some
considerable mountains. The town, however
is not veay mountainous for this region, and
has some low lands.

Millsjield is yet almost entirely a wilder-
ness. It is well watered by Philips' River,
and Clear Stream, and several small ponds.

JVash and Savn/er^s Location. This tract
of land lies west of the notch on the White

How is this soil formed? What other kinds of land are
tiiere in Lancaster 7 Where are the buildings forming the
town 7 What public buildings are there in the place 7 What
is the population of the town 7

Draw Milan. How is it bounded 7 What was its former
name 7 What is said of the surface of tlie town 7 What is
the population 7

Draw Millsfield. How is it bounded? What are its
streams 7 What is its population 7

Draw Nash and Sav^er's Location. How is it situated 7
To whom was it given 7 Why was it given to them 7 Of

coos GOITNTT. 35

Mountains, and was granted to two hunters,
whose names were Nash and Sawyer, for their
labour and expense in exploring die route,
through the notch. Before the discovery of
this route by white men, the inhabitants west
of the mountams could have no communication
with the eastern setdement except by a very
bng and circuitous road.

Northumberland lies on the Connecticut,
the intervals of which, as in other places, have
a fruitful and mellow soil, free from stones and
easily cultivated. The Upper Amonoosuck
River flows across the town, and joins the Con-
necticut just above the falls on that stream.
Every spring the Connecticut here swells and
. overflows its banks for a great distance. A
bridge and a dam have been constructed across
the river to the Vermont side, and there are
grist and saw-mills at both extremities of the
dam. In the centre of the town rises a steep
and lofty mountain called Cape Horn, 1000
feet high.

what use was a knowledge of this route through the White
Mountains ? What is the population of the territo^ 7

Draw Northumberland. How is it bounded 1 Draw the
Upper Amonoosuck. What kind of land borders the Con-
necticut ? Where does the Upper Amonoosuck run into the
Connecticut ? What happens on the banks of die Connecti-
cut every spring 7 How can people pass from one side of
the river to the other ? What mention is made of Cape
Horn ? Maik its place. What is the population of Nor-
thumberland 7

36 PARTICULAR VIEW OF

Piercy. The soil of Piercy is extremely
broken and uneven, though in the valleys there
are some good farms. The town contains
Mill Mountain and a part of Pilot Mountain.
Opposite to the latter is a singular ledge called
The DeviCs sliding-place. On the south side
of it is an abrupt precipice nearly 300 feet
high, while on the north cattle may be driven
to the top.

Public Land. A great deal of land in this
county belongs to the state, and not to any of
the towns ; it lies chiefly in the northern and
southern parts, embracing the wild region of
the White Mountains.

Randolph is situated directly under the
north end of the White Mountains. The soil
is in some parts good, but tlie town increases
slowly in its settlements.

Stratford for ten miles occupied the eastern
bank of the Connecticut. Bowback Mountains

Draw Piercy. How is it bounded f Draw its streams.
What is said of the soil and surface of the town ? What
mountains are there in the town ? What is the name of a
ledge opposite to Pilot Mountain ? Describe it ? What is
the population 1 «

What land in this county is called Public Land ? In
what part of ti^e county does it lie ? How many peisons
live on it 7

Draw Randolph. How is it bounded 7 Draw the Ame-
riscogffin in its course through this town. How is the town-
ship situated 7 How many inhabitants has Randolph 7

uraw Stratford. How is it bounded 7 Draw the streams
running from this place into the Connecticut. For what dis-
tance does it lie on the Connecticut 7 Where are Bowback

coos COITNTY. 37

form a great part of the township, stretehhig in
a long range over the north and nortK-east.
Two lofty mountains, separate from the Bow-
back ridge, rise up in the south-east part of
Stratford, so high that they can be seen thirty
miles oiF, in the town of Dalton. They are in
the shape of cones or sugar loaves, and are
called The Peaks. The inhabitants are chiefly
settled on the fertile border of the Connecticut,
the other parts of the township having a poor
soil.

Shelbnme, In six years after this place
was settled, it was attacked by a body of sava-
ges, who took whatever diey pleased from the
houses, killed one man, and went off carrying
another with them to Canada. Mount Moriah,
in this town, is a lofty elevation, and is one of
the White Mountains, though it stands at some
distance from the principal heights. The
view of the White Mountains from this place
is very grand and beautiful.

Stewartstown. Settlers began to clear the

Mountaini 1 Are tiiere any other high mountains in Strat-
ford ? What is their shape and what are they called ? In
what part of the township do the people chiefly live ? How
many are there of them f

Draw Sbelburne. How is it bounded t Draw the course
of the Ameriscoggin in the place. What event has happen-
ed here ? Mark Alount Moriah. What can you say ot it 1
What noble view is there from the place ? How many peo-
ple live here 1

Draw Stewartstown. How is it bounded 1 Draw its streams.

38 PAKTICULAB VIEW OT

lands in this place before the American Revo-
lution ; they left their settlements when the
war commenced, and did not come back till af-
ter it was over. In the last war with England,
which began 18 years since, a fort was built
here for the defence of the town, and garrison-
ed by a company of militia. There are some
very good lands in Stewartstown ; those in the
Connecticut valley are particularly fertile.

Success. This is a very large township, and
contains several considerable mountains and two
or three ponds ; but it is yet almost entirely
uninhabited.

Winslovj^s Location takes its name from
Major Gen. John Winslow, of Marshfield, in
Massachusetts, to whom it was given for mili-
tary services as commander of the Province
forces of New-England, New- York, and New-
Jersey.

Whitefield has been celebrated for its pine
woods ; a great deal of timber is cut here, and
floated down John's River to the Connecticut.
The soil is generally cultivated easily, and

What is said of its settlement ? What was done here in the
last war ? What kind of land is there in Stewartstown ?
What is the population ?

Draw Success. How is it bounded ? What is said of its
size and surface ? How many people live here ?

Draw Winslow's Location. How is it bounded 1 From
whom does it take its name ? What is its population T

Draw Whitefield. How is it bounded ? Draw the stream
crossing the middle of the town. For what is the town celo-

coos COUNTT. 89

produces pretty good crops. This is a very
thrifty town, and has increased in population
much faster than is usual in this county.

GENERAL VIEW OF

COOS COUNTY.

Towns. There are twenty-four incorpora-
ted towns in the county of Coos, besides several
large grants of land not yet incorporated. In
the north and south parts of the county there are
immense tracts of land, owned by the state, not
yet divided into townships, and entirely unin-
habited except by wild beasts. Lancaster is
the shire town of the county, and all the courts
are held there.

Inhabitants. All the towns of Coos County
together contain eight thousand three hundred
and ninety inhabitants. Of these almost all are
engaged in clearing and cultivating the land for
their support ; some, however, in the different
towns, labour at the various mechanical trades.

brated 1 What is the quality of its soil ? Has the town
had a rapid or slow increase ^ What, is its population t

How many towns are there in Coos County 7 What is
said of the State's land in this county 1 Which is the shire
town?

How many people lire in Coot Govntjr t What is Hw
bttsiavm of the inhabitants 7

«;3

40 GENERAL. VIEW OF

Rivers. Ameriscoggin River is composed
of the waters of t>vo streams which flow to-
gether in the township of Errol ; one the
Margallaway, a considerable river from the
north, the other running out of Lake Umbagog
on the border of Errol. The Ameriscoggin
pursues a very circuitous course ; it first pass-
es towards the south-west, then runs in a
southerly, and afterwards in an easterly direc-
tion out of Coos County into the state of
Maine. In Maine, after a long course it unites
with the Kennebeck, a very large river, and
thence its waters soon flow into the ocean. It
receives numerous small streams into its chan-
cl on both sides of its course, for its whole
length.

Amonoosuck River springs from the western
slope of the White Mountains, and before pass-
ing out of this county descends a fall of 50 or
60 feet. The river pitches down from this
height with a very lively and beautiful descent
between upright walls of stone, which lie in
layers like masonry. The usual depth of this
stream near the place where it runs into Bret-

Where does Ameriscoggin River take its rise ? Of what
streams is it composed 7 Describe its coarse in this coun^.
What is said of its course in Maine f

Where is the source of Amonoosuck River ? What hop*
pens to it in this county 1 What is said of the place of the
lalls T How hig^ has we stieam ever risen T

coos COUNTY. 41

too Woods, is three or four feet ; but at the
lime of the great rain upon the White Moun-
tains four years ago, it suddenly swelled, and
became twenty feet deep and sixty feet wide.
Clear Stream River. The numerous head
streams of this rirer run down from a moun-
tainous ridge in Dixville ; and the united cur-
rent passes in a south-easterly course towards
the Ameriscoggin, which it joins in Errol.

Connecticut River begins its course among
the mountains separating this county and the
state of New-Hampshire from Lower Canada,
which belongs to tlie English. It passes through
Lake Connecticut, and running in a south-
westerly direction with frequeut bends forms
the entire boundary between Coos County and
Vermont. It is bordered by beautiful tracts
of interval land, very fertile and easily cultivated.
It passes over falls in StewartiAown, at which
place it is 15 rods broad, and at Dalton begins
its rapid and broken descent of the Fifteen-Mile
Falls.

Dead River takes its rise in the wild coun-
try north of the grant to Gilmanton and At-
kinson Academies, and increasing by several

GiTe an account of the sonrce and of the course of Clear
Stream River.

Where does Connecticut River begin its course ? In
what direction does it flow by this county f Is the land on
its banks good ? What fklls does it descend in Coos 1

Describe the course of Dead River.

42 GENKBAL riEW OF

tributaries, flows in a south-easterly course till
it empties into the Margallaway.

Diamond River. Two ponds in Stewarts-
town, called Little and Great Diamond Ponds,
send forth the head waters of this river, which
pursuing first a south-eastern, then an easterly
course, falls at last into Dead River.

Ellis River rises on the eastern declivity of
the White Mountains ; its head fountain is so
near that of Peabody River, that a man with
his foot in one can reach, the other with his
hand. It receives the waters of New River
and some other streams, and falls into the Sa-
co in Bartleit.

IsraeVs River, This fine stream was named
for Israel Glines, as John's River was for his
brother. These two hunters caught beavers
and other animals round these streams a great
while before white men settled in this county.
Mountainous torrents from the tops of Mount
Adams and Mount JefiTerson run together, and
form Israel's River, which takes a north-wesi-
erly course and empties into the Connecticut
near the centre of Lancaster.

JohrCs River received its name from John '

Where are the sources of Diamond River, and what is its
course 7

Where does Ellis River rise 7 Where does it empty ?

Fiom whom was Israel's River named? Describe iU i
course. j

Trom whom did John's River receive its name ? Wheis I

coos COUNTY. 43

Glines, who hunted on this river and Israel's
River before the setdements of Coos County-
John's River finds its chief source in Pondi-
cheny Pond in Jefferson, but is increased by
branches from the north and south. It takes
a north-westerly course, and runs into tlie Con-
necticut by a mouth 30 yards wide.

Margallaway River rises in the north-west
comer of Maine, b the mountains which divide
that state from Lower Canada. It runs in a
southerly direction, enters New-Hampshire,
and receives there the waters of Diamond and
Dead Rivers ; and a few miles below unites with
a stream issuing from Umbagog Lake. There
the river loses the name of Margallaway, and is
henceforth called the Ameriscoggin.

JHohawk River. Different branches of this
river rise in Stewartston and Dixville, and
unite in Colebrook ; the united stream flows
west through that southern part of the town to
the Connecticut.

JSTew River comes down from Mount Wash-
ington, the highest of the White Mountains,
and pours its waters into Ellis River. There
was no such stream as New River till the year

* B^— — ■ ■■■■■■ ■■ I M^M ■ I I - ■■■ II ■ -\,Mm I " ' I _

is the chief source of John's River f What is the course of
the river ?

Where does the Mareallaway begin its course ? What
streams fall into it ? Where does it change its name f

Describe the course of Mohawk River.

Where does New River betnn to flow f What account

44 GENERAL VIEW OP

1775. During a long rain in that year Nevr
River first burst out, carrying away many"
rocks and trees in its course ; since that time
it has run in a continual stream. At the place
where it joins Ellis River, it rushes down a fall
of about 100 feel.

Peahody River begins its course in the east-
ern side of the White Mountains. It runs
nearly north, and flows into the Ameriscoggin.

Philips^ River rises in Dixville, and running
in a southerly course, empties its waters into the
Upper Amonoosuck at Piercy.

Saco River. The head stream of this river
has its source only a few feet from the sources
of the Amonoosuck, and near a great opening in
the White Mountains, called the Notch* It
runs south down the Mountain, then turns east-
ward, again flows south, passing into Strafibrd
County, again east into Maine, afterwards norths
and thence south-easterly to the ocean. Ellis
River and many othei: streams fall from the
White Mountains in steep channels and swift
currents, and run into the Saco. Being itself
a mountain stream, and fed also by tributaries

can you aive of the origin of this stream ? What fall does it
descend ?

Where is the source of Peabody River? What is its
course ?
• Give some account of Philip's River 1

Where does Saco River rise 7 What is its course ? Do
any streams fall into the Saco 7 To what sudden changes in:
size is it liable ?

coos COUNTY. 45

from the mountains, the Saco swells suddenly
:ind overflows its banks in a time of rain, but
subsides rapidly after it has ceased raining.

Upper Amonoosuck begins its course in some
lands belonging to the state and lying north of
the White Mountains ; it runs in a northerly
course to Dummer, and thence in a westerly
direction to the Connecticut. The valley
through which it flows is 7 or 8 miles broad,
and very beautiful.

There are many small streams in the county
which have not been mentioned, and the whole
region abounds with falls affording water power
to an almost unlimited extent.

Mountains. The White Mountains are
the highest not Only in this county but also in
New-England, and even in the whole United
States, except the Rocky Mountains, which are
several thousand miles off*. The White Moun-
tains form a large cluster in the southern part
of the county, and it is 60 miles round them.
They are so high that they can be seen 80
miles off* on the land side, and are the first
land seen from vessels at sea coming toward
the coast, though they are 65 miles from the

Where is the source of the Upper Amonoosuck ? What
is its course f What is said of its valley ?

Are there any more streams in Coos County, and what }s
«aid of the streams of the county generally T

What is said of the height of the Wliite .MounUiiis ?
Where ar« they t How far can they bo seen ? Is there

46 GENERAL -VIEW OP

nearest part of tlie shore. It is very cold so
far up in the air as their summits are, and the
snow stays on them till July, making 9 or 10
months in tlie year. On account of the snow
they generally look very white : hence the
mountains received their name. The Indians
believed that there was once a flood that
covered all the land and drowned all the inhab-
itants except one Powaw and his wife, who
fled before the waters to these mountains, and
having saved their lives upon the summit,
afterwards re peopled the country.

Mount Washington is the highest of all the
White Mountains, being six thousand two
hundred and thirty-four feet above the level of
the sea. Next to Mount Washington in height,
is Mount Adams, then Jefferson, then JVIadison,
all more than five thousand feet high ; there
are several besides these, though none so ele-
vated. The country around and among the
mountains is very wild and rough to travel
through, and the mountains thennselves are
very difficult to climb, yet many persons take
the trouble of coming from a great distance^
even from other states, for the purpose of
ascending them, especially Mount Washington.

snow generally on their tops ? Why are they called White
Moantains ? What was the belief of the Indians ?

How hiffh is Moant Washin^on ? What high mountains
are there besides Mount Washington 1 Do travellers ever

coos COUNTY. 47

The east side of this mountain rises at an angle
of 45 degrees, or is half way between being
entirely level and being perpendicular. It
takes six hours' hard labour to ascend it on this
side. The lower part of the mountain is
covered with thick woods of spruce and fir
trees, with deep beds of moss beneath. Heavy
clouds of vapour often rest upon tlie mountain,
and fill the moss with water, which cannot be
exhaled or dried up by the sun on account of
the woods, and therefore it breaks out in nu-
merous springs which feed the streams from the
raouDtain. The trees are short and stunted
higher up the mountain ; soon there are only
bushes ; then instead of bushes are vines ; the
last thing that grows is winter grass mixed with
moss; the summit is entirely bare of vegeta-
tion. There is a plain from which the last
height of Mount Washington rises to the height
of 1500 feet. This elevation or pinnacle is
composed of huge grey rocks. Reaching the
top much fatigued and out of breath, the
traveller is instantly master of a boundless
prospect, noble enough to pay him for his
bbour . The Atlantic dimly seen through a

ascend tke mountains? How steep is Mount Washington
on the eastern side ? How long does it take to ascend it ?
What is there on the lower part of itt Why are there so
many streams flowing from the mountain ? Give some ac-
count of the appearance of the mountain ? How high is the
highest pinnacle of Mount Washington 1 Of what is it com-
posed T Describe the prospect from the summit.

4d GENERAL VIEW OF

distance of 65 miles, the Vermont Mountains
on the west, the southern and northern moun-
tains of New-Hampshire, Lake Winipiseogee,
ponds, streams, and towns without number, all
form a great impressive picture.

In the western part of the White Mountains
is a deep but narrow opening called the Notch,
where the mountains are split open down to
the base. Two great rocks but little more
than a rod apart form the mouth of the notch ;
the passage continues very narrow for two
miles, and presents the grandest scenery for
five or six. On both sides rise up the huge
wild mountains, half a mile in perpendicular
height, approaching sometimes so near the
channel of the Saco River, which runs furiously
through the pass, that a road on its banks is
necessarily cut into the side of the mountain.
Into this deep chasm descends a stream from
a mountain 800 feet high ; it falls in one cur-
rent, entirely white and very brilliant. Another
small stream, called the Flume, pitches over
three precipices about 250 feet in all, over the
first two in one current, but over the last in
three, which unite again at the bottom in a
basin. The sides of the mountains are striped

Wliat is the ^otch 7 Is the passace narrow for a great
distance 7 How are its sides formed? What cataract or
fall is mentioned 7 Give an account of the Flume. How
do the sides of the mountain look 7

coos COUNTY. 49

with channels or gullies furrowed out by the
waters, which burst out during great rains, and
uncover in their course the solid rock.

A terrible deluge happened here four years
ago. The two seasons before had been very
dry, when a violent rain came on which lasted
one day and one night. It easily loosened the ,
light soil on the Mountain, and a great many
avalanches, or slides of earth and water, started
from a great height and rushed down into the
valley, bearing with them rocks and trees and
every thing in their way. One family, named
Willey, lived then in a public house on the
side of the Mountain in the Notch, six miles
from any neighbour. In the dark and stormy
night a large slide was loosened just above
their house, and came down directly towards
it. The family, it is supposed, heard it coming,
and rushed from their beds out of the house.
Just six feet before reaching the house, it
divided into two parts going each side of the
building and leaving it uninjured, but destroying
all the unhappy family, nine in number. Some
sheep stayed in safety on a little green spot
near the house ; the bodies of the family were
afterwards found, having been carried away
by the torrent. Tiie house is again inhabited.

What happened here four years ago f Describe the effects
of the rain upon tiie mountains, and th* calamity it produced.

50 RCviEw or

There are many higi'i mountains in the
county beside the White Mountains, both north
and east of that great collection. A great
deal of land in the county is so rocky and
mountainous that it can never be cultivated,
but there is much exceUent upland and interval,
especially on the bank of the Connecticut.

History. The first settlement made by
white people in this county was in 1763, or 67
years ago, on the Connecticut River at Lan-
caster. Coos became a county in 1803, 40
years after its first settlement, and is the largest
county in territory in the state of New-Hamp-
shire.

REVIEW OF THE COUNTY^

Draw the ahape of Coo« County on a lai^ scale. How \g
the County bounded? Draw Lake Connecticut. What
river paaaea through it ? Draw Umbagog Lake. What town
is it chiefly in 7 What is its size ? Draw Margallaway,
and Ameriscogsin Rivers. Which way do they flow ? Draw
Saco River ana its sources. What do you recollect of the
sudden freshes of this stream 7 Draw the Upper Amonoo-
suck. Into what river does it empty ? Draw Israel's River
and John's River. From whom ao they take their names 7

Are there anv more mountains in Coos 7 What account
can you give or the land in the county 7 , .^ , .

Wien and where was the first settlement made hj white
people in this county 7 When was the county formed?
How large is it 7

coos COUNT!. 61

In what part of the county are the White Mountains ? Mark
their place on your drawing. What are the names of some
of the hiffhest peaks ? Which is the highest ? Do you re-
collect the height of Mount Washington ? Describe , ^e
!Notch in the White Mountains. Where is Pequawkett
Mountain ? Mark its place. Where is Bowback Mountain ?
Mark its place. Mark the place of Pondicherry Mountain.
What is the surface of the coun^ ? What is the shire town
of Coos county ?

Draw the shape of Lancaster. What public buildings are
there here? How early was Lancaster settled by white
people ?

In what part of the county is Bartlett ? Which way from
Lancaster ) Mark its place. What stream passes through
Bartlett ?

Where is Shelborne ? Which way is it from Bartlett ?
Which way from Lancaster ? What Mountain is there in
Shelbume ?

Which way is Stewartstown from Lancaster ? Mark its
place. What riyer bounds it on the west 1

What are the four largest riyers in Coos county ? Which
IB the largest ? What kind of land is found on the banks of
the Connecticut in this county ? What town was first set-
tled in the county ? When was the county incorporated ?
What is its whole population ? Has it more or less inhabi-
tants than the other counties of the state ?

PARTICULAR VIEW OF

GRAFTON COUNTY.

Alexandria. There are extensive and valu-
able tracts of interval land on the banks of the
streams in this town. The township is smaller
than it once was, part of it having been added
to New-Chester.

Bath. The inhabitants of Bath came prin-
cipally from Massachusetts and Connecticut,
and the southern part of New-Hampshire.
The town lies in the vallies of the Connecticut
and the Amonoosuck Rivers. Gardner's
Mountain, rising with a steep ascent to the
height of 500 feet, reaches from the south-west
corner of Bath to the north part of the town-
ship, so that the people living on the east and
west of it cannot visit each other except by one
pass through the mountain. At the village on

Draw Alexandria. How is it bounded? Draw Smith's
River. What good land is there in the place ? Has the
township always been of the same size ? What is the popu-
lation ?

Draw Bath. How is it bounded? Draw the Amonoosuck as
it passes through the place. From what places did the first
settlers of Bath come ? How is the town situated ? What
difficulty is there in passing from the east to the west part of

GRAFTON COUNTT. 53

the Amonoosuck the river descends a consi-
derable fall. There is also a fine fall on Con-
necticut River at this place ; and boats can
pass up no farther. There is a kind of rock
found here which dissolves in warm water;
and alum and copperas have been made of it.
The people of Bath are very good farmers, and
have much improved the slate of their lands.
Stone abounds, suitable both for fences and
for underpinning.

Bethlehem. The soil of this township pro-
duces good crops of grass and grain. There
is plenty of pine timber and sugar maple. Beth-
lehem contains two mineral springs, and both
mountain and bog iron ore.

Bridgewater was originally a part of New-
Chester, from which it was separated in 1788.
The township contains no rivers or ponds • of
any considerable size, and the soil is particu-
larly adapted for grazing, and few towns in
the vicinity exceed it in this respect.

the town ? What becomes of the waters of the Amonoosuck
and Wild Amonoosuck? What falls are there in Bath 7
What kind of rock is found here ? What is the business of
the people ? Is the stone in tlie town valuable ? What is
the population of Bath t

Draw Bethlehem. How is it bounded ? Draw the Amo-
noosuck and its branches in the place. What timber is
found here 7 What curiosities does the town contain 7
What is its population 7

Draw Bridgewater. How is it bounded 7 From what
town was it tdcen 7 What is said of its streams 7 For what
is the land particularly adapted 7 What is the population 7

54 PARTICULAR VIEW OF '

Bristol. Plumbago or black lead is found
here in greater abundance than any where else
in the state, and of a better quality than any-
other in the country. It is very useful for
making lead pencils and crucibles, or pots
which bear a great heat without melting, and
are used for melting ore an^ metals. The
township has an uneven surface, but generally
a good soil. New-Found Lake lies partly in
Bristol and partly in Hebron.

Campion received its name from a camp
erected by the first owners of this place and
Rumney, when they came to survey the land.
This town sent nine or ten soldiers to the war
of the Revolution, though it had been settled
but a short time. Much of the land is rocky
and even mountainous ; Crotched Mountain
occupies the north-west corner, and North and
Squam Mountains lie on the eastern part of the
township. Iron ore has been discovered in
different places.

Canaan. This town received its name
from Canaan in Connecticut, to which state

Draw Bristol. How is it bounded ? Draw New Found
LaJee. What is said of the black lead found here ? Of what
use is it 7 What account can you give of the soil and sur-
face of the township ? What is the population ?

Draw Campton. How is it bounded 7 Draw its streams.
Mark its mountains. Wliat gave the town its name ? What
was done by fliis town in the Revolution ? What account
can you give of the surface of the township ? What mineral
has been found here 7 What is the population 7

Draw Canaan. How is it boundea ? Draw its ponds and

GRAFTON COUNTY. 55

the first owners of land here chiefly belonged.
The first permanent settler came in the winter,
drawing every article he owned upon a hand-
sled over a crust of snow. In the centre of
Canaan, on a high swell of land, is Heart Pond,
which can be seen for some distance, and has
a singular bank round it four or five feet in
height. The people are farmers, and faise
grain and flax in considerable quantities.

Coventry, Moosehillock Mountain, one of
the highest elevations in this state or in New-
England, rises in the south-east part of Coven-
try. The height of the north peak, which is
the most elevated, is four thousand six hundred
and thirty-six feet. Owl's Head Mountain is
in the west part of this town, but extends also
into Haverhill. The surface of the township
is generally very wild and rough. In the west
part of Coventry, and on the border of Haver-
hill, there is a bed of iron ore.

Darnels Gore is a narrow strip of land about
six miles long, lying north of Canaan.

streamB. What gave this town its name 7 In what circum-
stances did the first settlers come here ? What curiosity is
there here 7 What is the business of the people 7 How many
inhabitants are there 7

Draw Coventry. How is it bounded? Mark Moosehil-
lock Mountain 7 Give an account of it. Where is Owl's
Head Mountain? What is said of the township 7 What is
the population 7

Draw Dame's Gore. What is said of it 7 How many in-
habitants has it ?

56 Pi..RTlCULAU VIEW OF »

Danhury is generally hilly, though there are
some interval lands. The town lies in the
ibrni of a diamond, and has in its north-east
part a high hill.

Dorchester lies upon the height of land be-
tween Connecticut and Merrimack Rivers.
The township has much uneven land, and upon
its streams some intervals, which are very fer-
tile, particularly that on Baker's River.

Ellsworth was formerly known by the name
of Trecothick. It is a mountainous tract of
country, and some of the soil is sterile, but
other parts are productive. Carr's Mountain
is a considerable elevation of land, and is situ-
ated in the north part of the town. Maple
sugar is made here, and clover seed is i:aised
in considerable quantities.

Enfield once bore the name of Relhan. It
has an uneven surface, rising into numerous
bills, and sinking into vallies between. Streanis
and ponds, abounding with fish and affording
1 — — ■ - —

Draw Danbury. How is it bounded ? How many inhabi-
tants has it ? What is said of its surface 1 What is the
shape of the town ?

Draw Dorchester. How is it bounded ? How is it situ-
ated ? What is said of its lands ? What is its population T

Draw Ellsworth. How is it bounded 1 Mark Carr's Moun-
tain in Ellsworth ? What was the former name of tlie place ?
What is said of its soil ? What is the population ?

Draw Enfield. How is it bounded? Draw Mascomy
Pond and River. What was once the name of Enfield 7
What is said of its surface ? What is the use of its streams

GRAFTON COUNTY. 57

fine amusemenl for the angler, plentifully water
the land, Mascomy Pond is a beautiful sheet
of water, four miles in length, which receives
the waters of Mascomy River, and sends them
forth again in Lebanon. This pond is sup-
posed to have formerly occupied a much more
elevated place, where the villages and plains
now are ; for there is still the old shore, and
the remains of logs are sometimes found twelve
feet under ground in the plain. Near the
southern end of Mascoftiy Pond, lives a com-
munity of very singular people, called Shakers.
There are about 200 of them, living as much
as possible separate from other people, whom
they call the world's people, but going among
them to buy goods at the stores, or to sell the
produce of their lands and articles which they
manufacture. The men and women live in
different houses, eat at different tables, and sit
in different parts of the meeting-house. On the
Sabbath, they worship God by singing and
dancing. They work very steadily ; and all
the money they get they put together, without
one having a right to what h(T earns more than
another has to it. Some of the older people

and ponds '/ (iive some account of Mascomy Pond. What
change in its situation is supposed to have taken place 1 Who
live near the south end of it 7 Have they any tbinq; to do
wi^ other people ? What uncommon customs have they 7
How do they worship God on the sabbath ? What is done

68 PARTICULAR VIEW OF

called Deacons, take care of the property.
They raise excellent garden seeds, and make
very nice and valuable tools, both of which are
sold for high prices, because people like them
better than any others. Their houses are all of
one colour, and are kept very neat by the wo-
men ; their lands are well fenced, and have a
fertile appearance, being exceedingly well cul-
tivated. They are very plain in their dress and
manners, but they treat visiters w^ith great ci-
vility.

Franconia. In the eastern part gf this town
are some high elevations belonging to the White
Mountain range. One of the greatest curiosi-
ties in the state is Profile Mountain, in this
place, near the road leading to Plymouth. The
mountain rises very boldly one thousand feet
high, as is supposed, and forms with its front
of bare solid rock a perfect likeness of a human
face. The iron works of Francouia are much
celebrated and of great importance, and con-
sist of two manufactories, owned by two dif-
ferent companies. The iron ore is nearly four

with the money each one earns ? What do they do to get
money ? 'What is said of their houses 7 Of their lands f
What else can yon say of them 1 What is the population of
£nfieldf

Draw Franconia. How is it bounded ? Draw its streams.
In which part of the town are there mountains ? Describe
Profile Mountain. What manufactories, are there in Fran -
coniaT WherQ is the ore procured? What articles as«

GRAFTOK COUNTY. 59

miles from both, and is taken from tlie iron
hills of Lisbon. It is ca^st and wrought by the
furnace and forge into hollow ware, stoves,
machinery, and bar iron, to the amount of 600
tons annually, and with the consumption of
about three hundred thousand bushels of char-
coal. Most of the iron is used in the country
around : the rest^s sent by land or water to
Boston for sale.

Grafton has an uneven surface, and many
rocky and mountainous tracts of land. The
Pinnacle is a remarkable ledge of rock in this
town ; it rises gradually from the south ; but
on the north it has an abrupt and almost per-
pendicular ascent of 160 feet. During tlie
American Revolution, a hunter went into a ca-
vern in a mountain in Grafton to stay during
the night. In the morning he found something
very bright and transparent around him, which
came off from the rock in leaves. He marked
the place by fastening a large leaf of it to a tree
near the cave. It was mica, improperly called
isinglass. In the Revolution, window glass was
very scarce, and this article was obtained from
the cave and sold about the country instead of

made of it ? Where are they used 7 What is the population
of the town ?

Draw Grafton. How is it bounded 1 What kind of land
does it contain ? Give some account of the Pinnacle. Re-

60 PARTICULAR VIEW OF

it. Some of it is now sent to Boston, and thecce
to England, where it is sold.

Groton was iBirst called Cockermoutb. The
nortli part of the township is watered by a
branch of Baker's River, and the south part
has several small streams which flow into New-
Found Lake in Nelson.

* Hanover is situated on the south-western
part of Grafton county, in the valley of Con-
necticut River. In the -eastern part of th^
township is Moose Mountain, which extends
for a considerable distance north and south.
Generally, though hills and valleys vary the
appearance of the country, the land is fit for
tillage ; and a much greater part of it is cuhi-
vated. Precious garnets and other minerals
are found at Hanover ; there is also in the place
a quarry of limestone, which furnishes excel-
lent lime.

The principal village is situated on a large
and beautiful plain in the south-western corner
of the town, about half a mile from Connecticut

late the story of the hunter. Is anything done with the mica
now 1 What is the population of Grafton ?

Draw Groton. How is it bounded ? Draw the streams of
the town. What was its former name ? How many Inha-
bitants has it ?

Draw Hanover. How is it bounded 1 Mark Moose Moun-
tain. What is the situation of the place ? Describe the
surface of the township. What is said of the minerals in the
place t

Where is the principal villdge ?

ORArTON consiTT« 61

River. The finest psul of this village \s built
on the sided of a level square. The inhabitants
are supplied with water by an aqueduct of
leaden pipes, from a distance of nearly two
miles^ Considerable business is done in the
place.

Dartmouth College stands upon this plain,
and in this handsome village, commanding a
fine view of the beautiful hills near the Connec-
ticut. This college, which is the only one in
New-Hampshire, has been very useful to the
state generally, and especially to the surround-
ing setdements on bodi sides of Connecticut
River. The young men who enter the Col-
lege must be well educated, in order to
gain admission ; and they continue there four
years receiving instruction. Leaving the in-
stitudon with a good education, they go out
into the various towns of this state and other
states ; and as teachers, physicians, ministers,
^nd lawyers, communicate to others much of
the benefit which they have received ihem-
fielves. The students are taught and governed
by a president, eight professors, and a tutor.
There are generally about 150 students, who
■ ' - ■-,»-.- —

How do the people obtain water t Is there any business
done here ? /

What is the situation of Dartmouth College T To what
parts of the country has the College been particular! j useful f
Give some account of the education of a student. Who

62 PARTICULAR VIEW OF

are divided into four classes. There is a me-
dical department connected with the College ;
in this, instruction is given to young men who
design to become physicians. The medical
college has beeh of very great use. There is
also a seminary belonging to Dartmouth Col-
lege, called Moor's Charity School. The
buildings of the College are a chapel, a large
edifice of wood, and a brick building called the
Medical House. About 6000 volumes form
the College Library ; and there are as many
more belonging to two societies of the students*
Dartmouth College was at first only a school
for the education of Indian youths, under the;
care of Dr.Wheelock ; it was situated at Stock-
bridge, Massachusetts, and was called Moor'&
School from Mr. Moor, who gave large sums
for its support. Upon its* being decided to*
change the school to a college, Hanover was
chosen as the best place for it. Houses were
at first built here of green togs, till a good edi-
fice could be raised ; and there were then na
buildings within two miles on this side of the
river, except two or three log huts. Dartmouth
College was established herein 1770, or sixty
years ago, and received its name in honour of

govern and teach the students l What is done in the Medical
Department ? What other seminary is connected with ther
College? VVhat are the buildings of the College 7 How many
books belong to it? What was Dartmouth College once T
Give some accotmt of its estabUshmen-t heve 7 At what time

GRAFTON COUNTT. 63

Lord Dartmouth, an English nobleman, who
was its principal benefactor. There was not
much success in educating the Indians ; for
out of 40 who were educated by Dr. Whee-
lock, 20 returned to a savage life.

HaverhUL The Indians once had a fort
and a burying-place near the Little Ox Bow
in this town, and many skulls and other re-
mains of the Red Men have been found there.
This place, also, was the first occupied by white
people in the town. People came here early
from Massachusetts, and the town took its name
from Haverhill, in that state. The surface of
the township makes an agreeable appearance,
and its soil is adapted to every common article
of produce. Millstones and building material
can be obtained from a highly valuable quarry
of granite in the place. Haverhill Corner, in
the south*west part of the township, is the most
important village. The land is high, and pre-
sents a beautiful and extensive prospect in all
directions. Haverhill is a half-shire town of

was this ? Whence did it receive its name T Did the Indians
profit much by their education? What is the population
of Dartmouth 7

Draw Haverhill. How is it bounded? Draw Oliverian
Brook. What relics of the Indians are found here ? What

Eart of the town was first settled ? Whence did tlie first in-
abitants come, and how did the town tike its name ? What
is said of the surface of the town ? Of what use is the
granite quarry in the place ? Where is the most important
village of the town ? How is the town situated ? What

64 PARTICULAR TICW OF

the county, and contains a brick court-house
with an academy in the lower story, a bank»
printing-office, and a jail. The town has in-
creased rapidly in population.

Hebron. This township was taken partly
from that now called Groton and partly from
Plymouth. There are no considerable streams
in the town : but it contains a part of New-
Found Lake, which lies on its south-eastern
border.

Holdemess is a large township, well watered
])y Pemigewasset and Squam Rivers with their
tributaries. On Squam River there are two
paper-mills and a trip-hammer, together with
several small mills for different purposes.
Among the forest trees are found considerable
quantities of the maple, from the sap of which
sugar is made to considerable extent. Tiie
land is generally rough and hard to cultivate^
but when subdued it becomes tolerably pro-
ductive.

{»ublic buildinoB does Haverhill contain 7 What is the popu-
ation of the place 7

Draw Hebron. How is it bounded 7 Draw New-Found
Lake and the streams emptying into it in Hebron. From
what towns was Hebron taken t What is said of its streams 7
What is the popolatton ?

Draw Holaerness. How is it bounded? What lake lies
in the east part of it 7 Where is Squam Mountain t What
is said of the size of Holdemess 7 What mills are there in
this town upon Squam River. What is said of the soil T
What is the population 7

GRAFTON COUNTY. \Jo

Landaff. This township was once granted
by the governirient to Dartmouth College ; and
after the trustees of the Institution had made
considerable improvement upon it, such as
building mills and making roads, they w^ere
obliged to yield it up with all their improve-
ments to some former owners, from whom it
had been taken for not fulfilling the conditions
on which it was given to them. The soil in
some parts of the town is very fertile. Beauti-
ful crystals of staurotide are found here, thought
to be the most remarkable in the United Slates.
A species of white granite is also taken from
this town to linq the furnaces of the iron works
in Franconia, because it will bear a great heat
without crumbling to pieces.

Lebanon was the first town settled on Con-
necticut River north of Charleslown. Tlie
settlers came from Norwich, Mansfield, and
Lebanon, in the state of Connecticut. In Con-
necticut River, which forms the western border

Draw Landaff. How is it bounded t What river runs
through the south part of it ? Draw it. Mark the position
of Cobble Hill and Landaff Mountain. To what Institution
wa« this township formerly given 1 Did the trustees of the
Institution retain the township % What interesting mineral
is found here ? What use is made of the granite of this
town f What is the population.

Draw Lebanon. How is it bounded? Draw Mascomy
River. Into what does it empty 1 What is said of the set-
tlement of the town f Where did the first settlers come
from 7 What fUls are there in the Connecticut opposite to

66 PARTICULAR VIEW OF

of the town, are White River Falls, which are
surmounted by boats and rafts by means of a
canal. On Mascomy River, which passe*
through the town from east to west, there are
several falls, affording* excellent water-power.
There are nine bridges within the town over
the Mascomy River, and one over "the Connec-
ticut leading to Hartford, which lies opposite
to it in Vermont. A vein of iron ore has been
found on the eastern border of the town next
to Enfield. The land of the township is gene-
rally fertile. A broad interval lies along the
banks of the Connecticut, extending back half
a mile ; and on the banks of the Mascomy are
some fine and productive meadows.

Ldme. This town derives its name from
Lyme, in the state* of Connecticut, from which
some of the first inhabitants came. It is one
of the largest towns in population, as well as
one of the richest towns in the county. The
intervals are narrower here than in most other
towns on the banks of the Connecticut. The

this town 7 What is said of the water-power on Mascomj
Kiver ? How many bridges aie there in the town 1 Whi^
ore is found here ? What is said of the land on the Connec-
ticut and Mascomy Rivers 7 What is the population ?

Draw Lime. How is it bounded? Draw the •treaiaa
which run from this town into the Connecticut 7 From
what did the town derive its name 7 What is said of the
siie and wealth of the town 7 What is said of the intervala

GHAFTON COUNTY. 67

township contains two ponds, and is also well
watered by several small streams which empty
into the Connecticut. The land is generally
strong and productive.

Lincoln is a rough mountainous township,
having but a few people in it. Kinsman's
Mountain is the highest elevation, from the sides
of which descend frequent *' slips" or " slides,"
as they are called, forcing their way from tlie
summit to the base. A large part of the land
is unfit for cultivation, and is inhabited only by
wild beasts. The crops even in those parts of
the town most susceptible of cultivation, are
frequently cut off by early frosts.

Lisbon. This town was formerly called
Concord. It has had, for an interior town, a
quick and prosperous growth, partly from the
natural productiveness of the soil, and partly
from its nearness to the Franconia Iron Works.
The soil is of three kinds, each excellent for
its proper purposes : the meadows or intervals,

in this town ? How is the land watered ? What is the po-
pulation ?

Draw Lincoln. How is it bounded T Draw the streams
of the town. What mountains are there in the town 1
Mark their position. What is the face of the township T
What is said of Kinsman's Mountain ? Is the land wholly
fit for cultivation ? How are crops frequently lost ? What
is the population 1

Draw Lisbon. How is it bounded ? Draw the steeams
which pass through it 7 What is the name of the principal
river ? What was the former name of Lisbon ? What iji
said of the growth of ths town ? What rarieties of soil ax'o

68 PARTICULAR VIEW OF

on Anionoosuck River, the light plain lands,
and the strong and productive uplands. Maple
sugar is manufactured here, and clover seed is
raised in considerable quantities. The Fran-
conia Iron Works are situated near the eastern
border of this town ; and all the ore which
supplies them is dug from a quarry in the
south-east corner of the town, about four
miles from the furnaces. Limestone is abun-
dant in Lisbon, and kilns have been erected,
in which are burned 500 hogsheads of lime
annually.

lAttleton. ■ Fifteen-Mile Falls in Connecti-
cut River, extend the whole length of the
north-western border of Littleton. The river
is so rapid for several miles as to render it
impossible to ascend or descend with boats in
safety. On the banks of the Amonoosuck
there are some small tracts of excellent inter-
val ; and a mineral spring has been discovered
near the river, the waters of which resemble
the waters of Congress spring at Saratoga.

there ? What articles are produced here in considerable
quantities ? Where is the ore dug which supplies the
h ranconia Iron Works ? What quantity of lime is burned
annuallj here ? What is tlie population 7

Draw Littleton. How is it bounded ? What stream passes
through the south-east corner of it T What falls are there in
the Connecticut adjoining this town ? Is the river passable
for boats ? What is saicT of the lands on the banks of the
Amonoosuck and of the mineral spring found near the river 7

GRAFTON COUNTY. QO

Id the south part of the town is the flourisliing
village called Glynville. It is situated on both
sides of the Amonoosuck, which here passes
over a bed of solid rock, having sufficient fall
to afford excellent water-privileges.

Lyman is a large and populous town for this
part of the country. It is connected with
Barnet, which lies on the opposite side of tha
Connecticut, by means of a ferry. The lower
bar of Fifteen-mile Falls is in this town just
below the mouth of Passumpsick River, which
empties into the Connecticut from Vermont :
and Carleton's Falls also are a few miles below.

JVetv- Chester derived its name from Chester
in Rockingham County, to which town several
of the original inhabitants belonged. The
township is uneven, and contains some high
elevations. Ragged Mountain, which lies along
its south-eastern border, is but little inferior to
Kearsarge, in Sutton and Salisbury. Notwith-
standing the general appearance of roughness
which the land bears, there are some fine tracts
which have been converted into productive

What village is there in the south part of the town ? How
is GlynYille situated ? What is the population ?

Draw Lyman. How is it bounded f What is said of its
size 7 How is it connected with Barnet ? What falls in the
Connecticut are there in this town ? What is the popula-
tion?

Draw New-Chester. How is it bounded ? What moun-
tains lie on the south part of it t Whence did the town de-
rive its name 7 What is the surface of the township 7 WhdJk

70 PARTICULAR VIEW OF

farms. In the south-east part of the town there
is a handsome village, built upon a spacious
street one mile, in length.

Orange contains Cardigan Mountain, which
is one of the considerable elevations of this
mountainous country. In the south-east part
of the town there is a pond, in which is found
a species of paint resembling spuce yellow. A
valuable species of ochre has also been disco-
vered here, of which large quantities are pre-
pared annually for the market. It is found in
so pure a state, that a man can refine fifty
pounds of it in a day.

Oiford is a large, flourishing, and populous
town, connected by a bridge over Connecticut
River with Fairlee, which lies opposite to it in
Vermont. There are two considerable hills
near the centre of the town, called Mount Cuba
and Mount Sunday. The soil of the township
is generally good. The large interval farms
lying on the bank of the Connecticut, are par-
ucularly distinguished for their beauty and fer-
tility. Two ponds in this town, about a mile

is said of the vlUase in the south-east part of the town. What
is the population T

Draw Orange. How is it bounded T What high mountain
is in this town 7 What is said of the ochre discovered here 7
What is the popnlation 7

Draw Orford. How is it bounded 7 How is it connected
with Fairlee in Vermont 7 What lulls are there in the middle
of the town ? What is said of the interval farms on the bank
of the Connecticut ? What is said of the outlets of two

GRAFTON COUNTT. 71

distant Irom each other, have outlets in differ-
ent directions : the waters of one falling into
tlie Connecticut, and those of the other into
Baker's River, and thence into the Merrimack.
It is thought that this place offers much greater
facilities than any other for uniting the waters
of the Connecticut and the Merrimack by a
canal. Several valuable minerals are found in
the town. The limestone is very abundant,
and forms lime of an excellent quality } soap-
stone, or cotton stone, and a grey granite much
used for millstones and for building, are found
here in great quanties. Oxford contains a
pleasant village, situated upon a plain bordered
by intervals on the we^t. The houses stand
principally upon a single street, two or three
miles in extent.

Peeling has a very rough surface, embosom-
ing among its hills numerous poods, and send-
ing to the Pemigewasset, whose three main
branches meet here, several small tributary
streams. The three highest elevations of land
in the town are Cushman's, Black, and Blue
Mountains.

ponds in this town ? Could thd waters of the Connecticut
and Merrimack be united here ? What minerals are found
here ? How is the village of Orford situated ? How long
is the principal street ? What is the population ?

Draw Peeling. How is it bounded? What mountains
does it contain ? Draw Femigewasset River. What is .said
of the surface of the to^-n ? What is the population ?

72 PARTICULAR VIEW OF

Piennont is an excellent agricultural town.
The lands lying back from the river are well
watered by springs and brooks, and afford fine
farms for grazing and mowing. The plains are
composed of a sandy loam, and are favourable
to the growth of wheat, corn, and every kind
of grain. The intervals on the bank of the
river are extensive, and highly cultivated. In
the east part of the town are Eastman's Ponds,
from which issues Eastman's Brook, affording
several excellent mill sites, and falling into the
Connecticut.

Plymouth is a half-shire town of Grafton
county, the courts being held alternately here
and at Haverhill. The principal village of the
town is pleasantly situated, and contains a court-
house, a bank, and an academy. Seven-eighths
of the township is composed of upland, which
is rough -and hard to cultivate ; the other eighth
is interval, situated on Baker's and Pemige-
wasset Rivers, and is both easy to cultivate
and productive. The Indians formerly had a
settlement at the mouth of Baker's River, and

Draw Piermont. How is it bounded ? Draw the streams
which pass through it ? For what are the farms particularly
distinguished 1 What ponds arc there in the east part of the
town ? What is the population ?

Draw Plymouth. How is it bounded ? Draw Baker's
River as it passes through this town. Where are the Courts
of Grafton County held ? What does the principal village
of Plymouth contain ? What is said of the upLand and inter-
val lands ? Where was the Indian settlement in this town ?

GRAFTON COUNTY. 73

many relics of them are now found there.
Capt. Baker, from whom the river takes its
name, with a party from Haverhill, Mass., at-
tacked these Indians, killed many of them, and
destroyed a large quantity of the furs they had
collected by hunting.

Rumney. General John Stark, the hero of
the battle of Bennington in the revolutionary
war, and three others who were in company
with him, being on a hunting expedition in this
town, in the year 1752, were surprised and
taken prisoners by ten Indians. One of the
men, whose name was Stinson, in endeavourbg
to escape from the Indians, was shot and scalped
by them. Slinson's Mountain, Stinson's Pond,
and Slinson's Brook, in Rumney , all derive their
names from this unfortunate man.

Thornton. The intervals on the banks of
the Pemigewasset are here very productive.
In the more uneven and mountainous parts of
the township, the sugar maple abounds, from
which large quantities of sugar are annually

From whom does Baker's River take its name, and what is
said of his exploit against the Indians ? What is the popu-
lation ?

Draw Rumney. How is it bounded ? .Draw Baker's River
as it passes through this town. Relate the adventure of Gen.
Stark in tiiis town. What is the population 1

Draw Thornton. How is it bounded ? Draw Pemigewas-
set Riv/Dr. In what direction does it run ? What is said of
the intervals on the Pemigewasset ? What species of forest
trees abounds in the mountainous parts of the township t

74 PJLBTICVLAR VIEV Or

made. On Mill Brook, one of the small
streams which flow into the Pemigewasset ia
this towD) there is a perpendicular fall of forty-
two feet.

Warren. This township is composed of
very rough, high, and even mountainous land.
The streams are small, but have numerous
falls affording good mill-sites.

WatervUle is a new town, formed chiefly
from Gilles' and Foss's Grant. It is a very
wild and mountainous township, watered by
Mad River. Whiteface Mountain, in the south
part of the town, is a very lofty elevation.

Wentworth derives its name from Benning
Wentworth, who was once a governor of New-
Hampshire. On Baker's River there is a fall,
18 or 20 feet, which afibrds excellent mill privi-
leges. A bridge has been erected over the falls,
near to which is a neat and flourishing village.
Copperas has been manufactured here in small

What is the height of the fall on Mill B^rook 7 What is the
population of the town ?

Draw Warren. How is it bounded ? Draw Baker's River
in it. In what part of this town is Carres Mountain f Mark
its place. What is the surface of the township ? What ia
saia of the streams 7 What is the population ?

Draw Waterville. How is it bounded ? What mountains
does the township contain 7 From what was the township
formed 7 What is said of its surface 7 What is the popu-
lation t

Draw Wentworth. How is it bounded 7 Draw Baker's
Riyer and its tributaries in this town. Whence did the town
derive its name 7 What mill privileges are there in the
town 7 What has been erected over and near the falls on

GRAFTON COUITTT. 76

quantities. The town contains iron ore in va-
rious parts of it, and an abundance of fine gra-
nite. Inexhaustible quarries of limestone of the
best quality are found here, from which lime
is made in considerable quantities, and sold at
a low price. The land is generally uneven,
but has a strong soil, affording excellent graz-
ing fstrms.

Baker's River T What metals and minerals are foond here t
What is the sniface 9f the township f What is the popnktion f

GENERAL VIEW OF

GRAFTON COUNTY

Tovms. Grafton County contains 37 in-
corporated towns, besides several parcels of
land granted to individuals, and large tracts
lying in the north-east part of the county owned
by tibe state, and not yet divided into townships.
Haverhill and Plymouth are the shire towns of
the county, and contain the county buildings
and public offices. Hanover, the seat of Dart-
mouth College, is the largest town in popula-
tion in the county.

Inhabitants. There are thirty-eight thou-
sand si^ hundred and ninety-one inhabitants in
Grafton County ; and they are almost all em-
ployed in the different branches of agriculture.
Fewer people are engaged in manufactures in
this county than in any other in the state ex-
cept Coos. Large portions of the land being
yet covered with timber of various kinds, many

How many towns are there in Grafton County ? What are
the shire towns of the county 7 Which is the largest town
in population Y

What is the whole number of people in the county, and
how are they employed? Are many people engaged in

GRAFTON COUNTY. 77

of the owaers of farms are much engaged in
preparing timber for distant markets.

Rivers. Amonoosuck River, someUmes C2\U '
ed Great or Lower Amonoosuck, rises in the
White Mountains in Coos County, where its
source is fuDy described. It is one of the
principal rivers of Grafton County. It flows ill
a south-westerly course, and empties into the
Connecticut, m Bath, by a mouth 100 yards
wide.

Baker's River is formed of two principal
branches. The north branch, rises in Peeling
and Coventry, near Moosehillock Mountam,
and pursues a southerly course, receiving Pond
Brook from the west, till it meets in Wentworth
the south branch, which has its chief source in
Orange, near Cardigan Mountain. The stream
flows thence south-eastwardly, receiving from
the north Stinson's Brook in Rumney, and unites
with the Pemigewasset just above Plymouth
village.

Connecticut River, by far the most impor-
tant stream in the county, passes along its
whole western boundary. The navigation of

manufactures in this connly ? What is done with the forests
of timber?

Where does Amonoosttck River rise ? What are its size and
course 7

Describe the sources of Baker's River. What is its course,
and where does it empty ?

In what part of the county is Connecticut River 7 Is the
river navigable in this county 7

£3

78 GENERAL TIEW OF

the river in its course 'm this county is obstruct'
ed by several falls, which have been particularly
noticed in the towns where they are situated.
By means of locks and canals, however, the
river has been rendered passable for boats to
the foot 9f fifteen-mile faUs, between Lyman
and Barnet, in Vermont.

Mad River is a very swift and rapid stream.
It rises in the ungranted lands of this county,
and empties into the Pemigewasset near the
centre of Campton.

Mascomy River is an important stream, in
the south part of the county. It has its head
source near Smart's Mountain, on the borders
of Dorchester and Lime. It flows souths re-
ceiving numerous small tributaries till it empties
into Mascomy Pond, in Enfield. From the
west end of Mascomy Pond, lying in Lebanon,
it flows west through the middle of the town,
and falls into the Connecticut.

JVewfound River flows from the lake of the
same name in Bridgewater, and empties into
the Pemigewasset just below Bridgewater Falls.

Smithes River has its head sources in two
ponds ; one in the south part of Orange, the

What is said of Mad RiTer ? Where does it rise, and where
does it empty t

In what part of the county ia Mascomy River 7 Where
does it rise 1 What is its course and where does it empty f

Where does Newfound River rise, and where does it
empty T

GRAl'TON COUIfTT. 79

Other in the south part of Grafton. From the
former issues a small stream called IVIill River,
and from the latter another called Hurd's River.
These rivers unite in the east part of Grafton
and form Smith's River ,which flows eastwardly,
and empties into the Pemigewasset in New-
Chester.

Squam River is a short stream issuing from
Squam Lake in Holdemess, and emptying into
the Pemigewasset just below Squam FaJls in
New-Hampton, in Strafford County.

Pemigewasset River. Next to the Connec-
ticut, this is the largest and most important
stream in the county. Its three main sources
rise in Peeling, Franconia, and the ungranted
lands near the Notch in the White Mountains.
These branches unite in Peeling, and the river
thence takes a general course nearly south till
it leaves the county. It receives from the east
the waters of Mad and Squam Rivers, and
from the west the more copious waters of Ba-
ker's, Newfound, and Smith's Rivers. The
Pemigewasset constitutes the northern and main
branch of the Merrimack.

What are the sources of Smith's River ? Where do the
principal branches anite, and where does the river emp^ ?

What is said of Squam River 7

What is the size of Pemigewasset River? Where do
its three branches rise t Where do they unite 1 Of what
river is Pemigewasset a considerable branch 7

80 GENEKAL VIEW OF

Wild Amonoosuck. This river rises in the
high lands near Owl's Head and Moosehillock
Mountains. Having Its whole course in a
mountainous country, it is peculiarly liable to
sudden rises after rains or thaws. When sud-
denly filled by the small streams fi"om the
mountains, it becomes a very rapid and violent
river. It empties into the Amonoosuck in
Bath, only two miles above the mouth of that
river.

Lakes and Ponds. The lakes and ponds
are numerous, but they have generally been
described in the towns in which they lie, or
the position and names may be learned from
the map. The largest collections of water
lying wholly within Grafton County are East-
man's Ponds in Piermont, Mascomy Pond in
Enfield and Lebanon, and Newfound Lake in
Hebron and Bridgewater. A portion of Squam
Lake lies in the town of Holderness, the re-
mainder in Strafford County.

Mountains. The highest mountain in the
county, and indeed one of the highest in the
state, is Moosehillock, in Coventry. The sur-
face of the county is much diversified by nu-
merous smaller elevations, which have gene-

Where does the Wild Amonoosuck rise 1 What is said
of it 1 Where does it empty ?
What are the largest collections of wat«r in the county ?
What are the highest mountains in the county ?

GRAFTON COUNTY. 81

rally been noticed. Though the land is mostly
broken and uneven, it affords tracts of excel-
lent soil for cultivation, and some of the finest
grazing farms in the state are found in this
county.

History. The first settlement in this county
was made at Lebanon, which was the first town
settled on Connecticut River north of Charles-
; town, in Sullivan County. It was constituted
a county in 1771, and received its name in
honour of the Duke of Grafton.

— - ■ ■- I I Ma ■ ■ I I III I — • • ^^—^ — ^^ — — —

What is said of the surface and soil of the county 7 Where
)r was the first settlement made in the coun^ ? From whom
U did the county take its name 1

in REVIEW OF THE COUNTY.

Draw the north line of Graflon coun^. Draw the east

line. The south. Draw Connecticut River on the west.

How is the county bounded 7
]e Draw the Pemigewasset Riyer, and its branches. Which

is Baker^s River 7 Where is Mad River 7 Draw Amonoo-
'' suck River, and its branches. Which is the Wild Amonoo-
1« suck 7 Into what does the Amonoosuck empty 7 Draw

Mascomy River and Fond. In what pait of the county is
'' Smith's River 7 Draw it? Draw Newfound Lake, with

its tributaries and outlets.
|(j What is the highest mountain in the county 7 In what

town is it 7 Mark its position. Where is Cardigan moun^
f tain? Mark its position in your drawing of the county.

82 REVIEW OF

Where is Moose mountain 1 Mark its position. In what
town is Owl's Head mountain 7

What are the shire towns of the county ? Draw the shape
of Haverhill ? What stream passes through the south part
of it? Which way ^ from Haverhill is Plymouth? Draw
Plymouth. What streams bound it on the east ? What stream
passes through its north part? Which way from Plymouth
18 Haverhill?

Which is the largest town in population in the county 7
Mark the place of Hanover on your drawing. What public
institutions are tiiere at Hanover ? For what j)articular pur-
pose was Dartmouth College first established f From whom
did the College take its name ? How is the villa^ of Ha-
nover situated? In what direction from Hanover is Haver-
hill ? Which way from Hanover is Plymouth ? What pe-
culiar people are there at Eniield ? What account can you
give or the manners, habits, and worship of the Shakers ? In
what part of the county is Enfield ?

In what part of the county is Franconia ? What extensive
manufactories are there at Franconia ? Where does the iron
ore come from ? How far is it brought to the furnaces 7
Which way from Franconia is Haverhill ?

What are the principal falls in the Connecticut opposite
to this county ? JNear what towns are they situated ? Mark
their position.

[Remark, If the pupil does not readily recollect the falls
on a stream in his review, let him refer to the accounts of
the several towns situated on the stream in his geography,
where he will find them described.]

What falls are there upon the Amonoosuck River ? What
mills are there upon them? Mark their position. What |

falls are there on the Pemigewasset ? Mark their position.

What towns in the county contain academies ? Is there
any land in the county not yet formed into towns ? In what
part of the county is it ? Is the surface of the county gene-
rally even or hilly ? In what parts of the county are the
most fertile lands ? What are the productions of the county ?

How many towns are there in Graflon county ? What is
the whole population of the county 7 How are the people
generally employed ? From whom did the county derive its
name ?

In what part of the county is Littleton 7 Mark its place 7
Which way is it from Littleton to Haverhill 7 In what part

GRAFTON COUNTY. 83

©rthe county is Lebanon t Mark its place ? Which way is
it from Lebanon to Plymouth ? In wnat part of the county
is Qrford ? Which way is Orford from Haverhill ? Mark
the place of Bethlehem. Which way is it from Bethlehem
to Cumpton ? Mark the place of Campton 1 Mark the piece
of Holdemess 7 What river lies between Holdemess and
Plymoutii ? What town in the county was first settled by
white people t

PARTICULAR VIEW OF

HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY.

Amherst is the shire town of Hillsborough
County, and contains a printing office, which
issues a weekly newspaper, a bank, the county
court-house and jail, and all the public county
offices. The most compactly settled part of
the town forms a neat village, situated upon a
plain, which affords in the midst of the village
a spacious common for public purposes. The
township of Amherst was originally much larger
than it now is. It was granted to certain offi-
cers and soldiers who had served in the
Narraganset war, and was at first called Narra-
ganset No. 3. Its name was afterwards
changed to Souhegan-West,- and finally to Am-
herst, in honor of a British General of that
name, who commanded the British and Ame-
rican forces in a war with the Firench. The

Draw the shap^ of Amherat ? How is it bounded 1 What
river passes tiirough the town ? Draw Babboosnck Pond.
V^at public buildings does Amherst contain 7 How is the
village situatedf To whom was Amherst at first given?
What was it tjien called 7 What other name has it had f

BiLLfBOEOUGH COUNTT. 86

townships of Mount Vernon and BGlford have
been severally taken from Amherst, but it is
still a large town. The land is of various
qualities : that upon the banks of Souhegan
River is excellent, and some of the uplands
also produce good crops ; but the soil upon the
plains is generally light and sandy.

Antrim. The first inhabitants of Antrim
were for several years obliged to carry their
grain to Peterborough or New-Boston to have
it ground into meal, there being no mills in the
town and none nearer than those places.
There are considerable tracts of interval land
in the east part of die town on the Contoocook,
and small tracts in'^the north part on North
Branch River. The land in the west part of
the town is mountainous, but good for grass
and grazing. The t«vnship is remarkably well
watered by the Contoocook and North Branch
Rivers, on the latter of which are situated se-
veral mills. Besides these there are numerous
small tributaries to them, which issue from the
springs and ponds on the highlands. Gregg's

What townshipii have been taken from Amherst 7 What is
said of the land f What is the population of Amherst ?

Draw Antrim. How is it boonded ? What river passes
through the north part of the township ? Draw it. What
inconTenience did the first inhabitants suffer for want of
mills 1 In what parts of the town are there interval lands 1
What is said of the land in the west part of the town 1 How
is the town watered t How large is Gregg's Pond f What
ia the population of Antrim T

86 PARTICDiiAR VIEW OF

Pond is the largest collection of water in the
town, and covers a surface of 200 acres. It
is in some places 80 feet deep. The outlet to
it affords several good mill privileges.

Bedford. This township was originally
granted to certain officers and soldiers who
had been engaged in the Narraganset war, and
was at first called Narraganset No. 6, or Souhe-
gan-East. On the bank of Merrimack River,
near Goff's Falls, is a spot supposed from the
bones and other relics found there to have
once been an Indian burying-ground. Indians
in great numbers formerly inhabited this and
the neighbouring towns. Sometimes they
were firiendly and sometimes they were hostile
to the white people. At one time they attack-
ed two men, who had been to Concord, then
called Penacook, to buy tom for their families,
and were on their return. One of the white
men wa$ killed, but the other escaped in safety
by running from the Indians in a zig-zag direc-
tion, and thus preventing their taking good aim
at him. There' is considerable variety in the
qualities of the soil in different parts of the
town; the east part being plain and interval
land, and the west being moist upland. The

Draw Bedford. How is it bounded? To whom was
Bedford origipally granted? What was it then called?
What is there on the bank of Merrimack River, near Goff's
Falls ? Give an account of the attack upon two men by the
Indiaofl. What is said oftiiesoil? To what have the far-

HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY. 87

farmers have devoted great attention to the
raising of hops; 100,000 pounds have some-
times been raised by them in one year. The
forests afford abundance of timber, some suit-
able for ship-building. This has been cut in
considerable quantities and sent to Charlestown
in Massachusetts, through the Middlesex Canal.
Iron ore is found in large quantities in Bedford.
Formerly it was manufactured into iron at the
mouth of Crosby Brook, but more recently it is
sent to Billerica and other forges out of town.
In the west part of the town, a brook pitches
over a precipice, and falls about 200 feet in the
distance of a hundred yards. Several excava-
tions in solid stone are found here sufficiently
large to contJiin several persons. Piscataquog
village is situated in the north-east part, on Pis-
cataquog River. This is a place of consider-
able business, particularly in the lumber trade.
Some of the store-houses in this village are so
situated, that by means of a lock at the mouth
oflhe river, boats may pass up directly under
the buildings ; and thus aUow their cargoes of

mem paid great attention ? What is said of the forests ?
Where is the ship timber sent for sale ? Where was the
iron ore, found in Bedford, formerly made into iron 1 Where
is it now sent 1 What remarkable fall and curiosities are
there in the west part of the town ? Where is Piscataquog
village 1 What business is done here ? What remarkable
facilities has this Tillage foi trade T What is the population
of Bedford?

88 FART1O0LAR TIEW OV

heavy goods^ transported from Boston, to be
raised at once into the warerooras. These
facilities for trade have given Bedford consider-
able importance among the neighbouring tovnas.

BrooMine was formerly called Raby. It
has but few natural advantages, and contains
but a small number of inhabitants.

Deering. This is a good township of land,
and is well watered by numerous ponds and
small streams, on one of which is an iron factory,
with a trip*hammer in which hoes are made.

Dunstable is the most ancient town in the
county, and once embraced Litchfield, a jiart
of Londonderry, Nottingham-West, Tyngsbo-
rough, Dunstable m Massachusetts, a large
part of Pepperell, Townsend, HoUis, Brookline,
and all that part of Milford, Amherst, and Mer-
rimack, south of Souhegan River. This town
was for many years a frontier settlement, and
suffered from repeated attacks of the Indians.
In one attack several persons, and among them
the minister of the town, were killed. In

Draw BrooUine. How is it bounded 7 What nver and

Eond are there in the town ? Draw them. What was Brook-
ne formerly called % What is its population ?
Draw Peering. How is it bounded 7 What is said of the
township, and what is manufactured here 7 What is the
population 7

Draw Dunstable. How is it bounded 7 What ri^er passes
through it 7 Draw it. What as said of the age and ori^al
size of Dunstable Y Give an account of the attack oT the

HILLSBOSOTTGH COUNTT. 89

another instance, a party of eleven men went
out in quest of two who were missing, and
were fired upon by the Indians. Nine of them
were killed on . the spot, and the other two
escaped. The surface of the town is generally
level, and is covered with a light soil, it is well
watered by several large streams. On Salmon
brook are several mills, and four trip-hammer
shops, in which are made annually 1500 dozen
of hoes, besides axes and scjrthes. The largest
village in the town is in the north-east part, at
the junction of the Nashua and Merrimack
Rivers. It is called Nashua Village, and has
bad a quick and prosperous growth, from the
establishment there of extensive cotton and
woollen factories*

Francestawn contains an academy. The
township is situated on very elevated land, and
is rough and uneven. Crotched Mountain, the
highest elevation, rises 600 feet above the level
of the common in the centre of the town.
Plumbago or black-lead is found here of good
quality. A valuable quarry of freestone has

Indians upon the place. What is said of the surface of the
town 7 What mills are there upon Salmon Brook, and what
is manufactured there ? Where is the largest village in the
town ? Why has Nashua Village increased so rapidly T
What is the population 1

Draw Francestown. How is it bounded 7 How is the
township situated? How high is Crotched Mountain t
Where u the qaany oi freestone, and what is made of itt

90 ^ABTSGUULB TIEW OF-

been discovered in the east part of the town.
It has been pretty extensively worked since
1804. The stone is easily wrought into stoves,
hearths, and jambs, and it receives a polish,
which makes it resemble variegated nmrble.
The stone when quarried is worth $2,50 the
cubic foot, and is transported in great quanti-
ties to Boston and other places.

Goffstown is a large and important town.
The township is less uneven than most of those
in its vicinity, and the land has a varied but
generally rich and fertile soil. The forests of
this town have in former y^ars furnished a
great number of masts for exportation. The
lumber trade is still an important branch Mf
business. Large quantities of lumber are an-
nually floated down the Piscataquog River to
the Merrimack, and thence to Boston and other
-markets. In the south-west part of the town
are two considerable elevations of land, which
are called Unconoonock Mountain.

Greenfield is a mountainous township, but

I ll I 111! I III !!■ I I I _ 1

What is the stone worlh when qaarried, and where is it
carried ? What is the population 7

Draw Go£btowb. How is it bounded t What river passes
through the town ? Draw it. What is the size of the town t
Wliat are the surface and soil ? What have the forests of
tiie town furnished in former years 7 What is said of the
lumber trade here 7 Where is Unconoonock Mountain?
What is the population 7

Draw Greenfield. How is it bounded 7 What is said of
its soil and productions 7 What is itd population 7

HILLSBOROUGH COUNTt! 91

it affords good grazing lands^ and its farmers
raise annually large quantities of hops.

Hancock. This township derived its name
from John Hancock, late Governor of Massa-
chusetts, who was one of its original proprie-
tors. It is a good farming town, well watered
by ponds and small streams, and by Conto<^
cook River, which forms its eastern boundary.
Hancock contains a cotton factory, a potash
manufactory, and an establishment for the man-
dacture of gans, which has some celebrity;.

HiUsborough is a large, and for this region,
a populous town. The land is broken and un-
even, but it afibrds many fine farms. The
tdwn contains an incorporated academy. A
cotton and woollen factory has been established
in the place.

Hollis. The original name of Hollis was
Nissitissit, the name now given to the small
river which crosses its south-western corner.
The township contains some excellent interval
lands on the banks of the Nashua. Near the
centre of the town is a pleasant village, situated

Draw Hancock. How is it bounded 1 From whom did
this town derive its name ? How is the township watered f
What mills and mamtfactories does it contain T ^^at is
its population ?

Draw Hillsborough. How is it bounded T Dr«w the
streams which pass through it. What is the size and soiiaee
of Hillsborough ? What public institution is there in the
town f What factories t What is the population ?

Draw Hollis. How is it bounded 7 What was the foniier

93 PARTICULAR VIEW OF

upon elevated land, and conunandtng a fine
prospect of the adjacent country.

Imdsan* This town till recendy was called
Nottingham-West. The township originally
made a part of the ancient town of Dunstable.
On the river are intervals of a deep rich soil,
and easy of cultivation. The first settlements
in the town were made upon the banks of the
river, where the Indians had cleared fields for
cultivating com. A man by the name of
Cross was once caftfured by the Indians in this
town and carried to Canada, where he remain-
ed till he was ransomed by his friends.

lAtchfidd was first settled by a few families
from Billerica in Massachusetts, and was then
known by its Indian name, Natticott. Two
ferries cross the river from this town to Merri-
mack, which lies on the opposite bank. The
soil is excellent, producing in abundance all
kinds of ^ain usually raised in New-England.
Formerly large quantities of lumber were sent
from this place to Newburyport by the river,
or to Charlestown by the Middlesex Canal.

nankeofHonisT How is the Tillage sitaated ? What is the
popalation ?

Dfaw Hudson. How is it bounded ? What was its former
name t What is said of the land on the river t Where
wvrs the first settlements of the town made % What is the
populaiiont

Draw Litchfield. How is it bonnded t Whenee «ame
the first settlers of Litcl^eld T What was it then called t
What eonniHimectien has Litchfield with Merriaaziek t

HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY. 93

lA/ndthormtgh is a very elevated townsbip,
and is divided from east to west by a coQsider-
able mouotaio, which separates the streams
flowing south into the Soubegan from those
flowing north into the Piscataquog. The town
is well watered by springs and small streams,
and is not perhaps surpassed by any in the
county for its fine grazing lands. Lyndeborough
derived its name from Benjamin Lynde, of Sa*
lem, who once owned a considerable pcMrtion of
the township.

Manchester. This town was originaiiy call*
ed Derryfield, and was formed of a part of
Londonderry, a part of Chester, and a trap}; of
land called Harrytown. On the west bordef
of Manchester, Merrimack River passes over
Amoskeag Falls, which are the highest in the
whole course of the river. These falls being
in all about 45 feet perpendicular height, are
jusdy r^arded as a very striking natural curi-
osity. The river here spreads out to three
times its usual widdi, and is divided into se-

What is tiie soil of the township 1 What have been articlet
of export from this town 7 What is the population ?

Draw Lyndeborough. How is it bounded % What is the
Mtnation of the township 7 In what kind of lands does it
excel other towns 7 From whom does the town take its
name 7 What is the population 7

Draw Mancheeter. How is it bounded 7 In what part of
the town lies Massabesick Pond 7 What was the ohsinal
Bame of Manchester, and of what was it formed 7 What
falls are there in the west part of the town 7 Desehbe

94 PARTICULAR VIEW OF

veral channels by rocks and small islands.
The accumulated waters of the numerous
streams, which drain a large portion of the
state, rush through the various rough channels
inlty which the river is divided with great ve*
locity, and with a noise that may be heard for
many miles. N^r the upper and greatest fall,
several circular holes, some of them more
than eight feet in diameter, have been worn to a
considerable depth perpendiculariy into solid
rock. It is supposed to have been done by
small stones put in motion by the force of the
current. In these holes, the Indians who
f<M*^eriy inhabited the country around the falls,
ionoealed their provisions in time of danger*
Many relics of the aborigmes, such as axes,
chisels, arrow-heads^ and other tools made ojf
stone, are now found in this region. The Indi-
ans w^e probably attracted to the place by
the excellent iSshing. grounds around the faUs.
Alewives, shad, and salmon, were caught here
in great quantities before tiie river had become
so much obstructed by dams and other works,
for the improvement of its navigation. Amos-
keag Falls are rendered passable for boats and

them. What cpriosities are there near the upper and greatest
fall 1 What lite did the Indians make of Uiese holes 7 What
reliot of the aborigines are found in this region 7 What
attracted the Indians hither 7 What kinds of fish were for-
IHtil^ cttught here 7 How are Anoskeag fUls renderfd pami-

HILLSBOROITOH COUNTY. ^ 95

rafts by means of a canal on the east ade of
the river, of nearly a mile in length. This
canal, constructed in the most thorough man*
ner, and at a great expense, was completed in
1816. It greatly facilitates the means of trans-
portation upon the river to the interior of the
state, and must therefore be considered a great
public benefit.

Mason. Souhegan River, which passes
through the north-west corner of the town, af-
fords several fine mill privileges. In Souhegan
village there are cotton and woollen factories,
which have carried on an active business. The
town contains an extensive starch manufactory ;
four or five thousand bushels of potatoes are
consumed in the production of starch annually ;
and 30,000 pounds of the article have been
manufactured in one year. It is computed that
a bushel of potatoes will produce eight pounds
of starch.

Merrimack, All that part of Merrimack
which lies south of Souhegan River, formerly

■
■

abfe for boats 7 When was this, canal bailt 7 What is its
use 7 What is the population 7 '

Draw Mason. How is it bounded 7 What stream crosses
the north-west comer of the town 7 Draw it. What facto-
ries are there in the town 7 What is said of tiie. manufacture
of starch in this town 7 How much starch will a bushel of
potatoes make 7 What is the population 7

Draw Merrimack. How isit oounded7 What streams
pass through it from the west 7 Draw them. To what town
did the south part of Merrimack formerly belong 7 What ia

96 FARTICUUUI TIEW OF

beboged to the anoieat. town of Dunstable.
This is a comparatively level township^ having
within its borders considerable tracts of plane
and interval lands. It is very well watered ;
and its streams, particularly Souhegan River,
afibrd numerous excellent water privileges. At
the mouth of Souhegan River is a large fac-
tory, and around it has been built a small vil-
lage.

Milford was formerly a parish of Amherst,
from which it was separated when it was con-
stituted a town. Souhegan River passes through
tlie town, and affords several good mill privi-
leges, and has upon its banks excellent meadow
and interval lands. The principal village of the
town is pleasantly situated on both sides of the
river, and^ contains a factory.

Mount Vernon has a neat village near the
centre of the town, which commands an exten-
sive prospect. The township generally has an
elevated situation, and but few streams. It was
originally a part of Amherst.

the surface of the town? What stream affords abundant
water power in this town t What factory is there in the
town 7 What is the population t

Draw Milford. How is it bounded 7 What river passes
through it 7 Draw it with its branches. To what town did
Milford formerly belong 7 What is the situation of the prin-
cipal village of the town 7 What is the population 7

Draw Aiount Vernon. How is it bounded 7 What is said
of the prospect from tlje middle of the town 7 To what
town did Mount Vernon formerly belong 7 What is the po-
pulation?

HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY. 97

^ew-Boston, This town lias a large branch
of Piscataquog River passing through it. The
soil is favourable for all the various productions
common to this part of the state. In the soutli
part of the town there is an elevation called
Jo English hill, 557 feet high, on one side of
which it is nearly perpendicular.

JVeio^Ipsvnch. The academy in this town
is one of the oldest and most respectable in the
state. It has a library and philosophical appa-
ratus, and a fund of $3000 for the support of
a teacher. The land is generally rough and
hard to cultivate, but aflfords good grazing farms.
Over Souhegan River, which passes in a north-
east direction through the town, is an expensive
stone bridge, 157 feet long, 22 feet wide, and
42 feet high, resting on a single arch of split
stone. The first cotton factory built in New-
Hampshrre was erected in this town in 1803 ;
there are now three cotton and two woollen
factories in town, besides several small mills

Draw Mew-Boston. How is it bounded? Draw the
stream which passes through it from the west. Into what
does the stream empty 1 what hill is there in the south
part of the town ? How high is it 7 What is the population
of the town ?

Draw New-Ipswich. How is it bounded 1 What stream
passes through it. Draw it. What is said of the academy
m this town T What is said of the land 1 Describe the
bridge over Souhegan River 7 When was the first cotton
factory built here 7 What factories and mills are there here
BOW 7 What is the population of the town 7

98 PARTICULAR VIEW OF

for diff^ent purposes. New-Ipswich has long
been among the first manufacturing towns in
the state.

Pelham. Large quantities of timber and
wood have been carried from this town to the
banks of the Merrimack, and conveyed thence
to Newburyport or Boston. Beaver River
passes through the town, and affi>rds good mill
privileges. The town contains a woollen fac-
tory ; and eight or ten tons of cut nails are
annually manufactured here.

Peterborough was early settled by Scotch
Presbyterians from Ireland. For several years
tliey suffered severe deprivations. Their near-
est grist-mill was at Townsend, in Massachu-
setts. To this place, a distance of 25 miles,
they carried all their grain to be ground ; and
having then no road, they could only find their
way by means of marked trees. Two of the
head and main sources of Contoocook River
unite their waters near the centre of this town.
Both branches, as well as the united stream
and their several tributaries in this town, afibrd

Draw Pelham. How is it bounded t Draw the stream
which passes through it. What articles have been sent in
large quantities from this town to Newburyport and Boston t
What manufiictories are there in the town 1 Wlwt is the
population ?

Draw Peterborough. How is it bounded ? What river
passes through the town. Draw it with its tributaries. By
whom was Peterborough first settled t What deprivations
did the early inhabitants suffer t What iactoriM and miUa

HILLSBOBOUGH COUNTY. 99

excellent water privileges, \vhich have, been
improved by cotton and woollen factories, a
paper mill, oil mill, fulling mill, four saw mills,
and three grain mills. The north branch of the
Contoocook above the falls, is bordered by
productive meadows ; the south branch, by fo-
rests of pine timber. Near the centre of the
town is a high hill, which is elevated 200 feet
above the river. The hills in the east part of
the town are lofty. On one of them is a deep
pond of nine acres in extent. In one of the
hills, also, is what is called the JVbtch in the
Mountain, through wliich passes the county
road.

Sharon is a very small township, having
Boundary Mountain on its eastern border.
This mountain rises 200 feet above the sur-
rounding country.

Society-Land formerly included Hancock,
Antrim, Hillsborough, Deering, Francestown,
and part of Greenfield. Crolched Mountain
lies on its south line. It is very high land, and
has no mills nor mill-seats.

are there in the town 7 What kinds of land are there upon
the streams 7 How high is the hill near the middle of the
town 7 What is said of the hills in the east part of the town ?
What is the popalation 7

Draw Sharon. How is it bounded 7 What is the size of
the township 7 How high is Bomndarjr Mountain 7 What is
the population 7

Draw Society-Land. How is it bounded 7 Whsit towns
did it formerly contain ? What is its situation 7 What is
its population 7

100 PARTICULAR VIEW OF

Temple. This township is composed of very
rough and elevated land. The prospect to-
wards the east and south is very extenave.
From the highest point of land, about twenty
meeting-houses may be seen in a clear day by
the naked eye.

Weave is the largest and most populous town
in the county. The north and principal branch
of Piscataquog River passes through the town,
and affords numerous excellent mill-sites.
Many of these have been occupied. There are
in the town one cotton and woollen factory, one
ml mill, eleven sawmills, nine grist mills, three
fulling mills, and three carding machines, mak-
ing in all an unusual number of mills for a town
situated so far in the interior of the state. Rat^
tlesnake Hill, situated on the north line of the
town, abounds in dens and caves ; rattlesnakes
are frequently found here. The landj though
uneven, is not mountainous; and being well
watered by numerous springs and rivulets, af-
fords throughout its whole extent fine farms

either for grazing or for agriculture. Here is

— •

Draw Temple. How is it bounded 1 Of what is the town-
ship- composed ? What is said of the prospect towards the
east and south ? What is the population f

Draw Weare. How is it bounded ? What river passes
through it ? Draw it. What is the size of the town ? What
factories and mills are there in the town ? Where is Rattle*
snake Hill, and what is found there ? What is said of the
land ! What is the population T

HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY. 101

a large, wealthy, and respectable society of
« Friends."

WiUon was first settled by a few families
from Danv^s; in Massacbasetts. The land,
though rough and rocky, has a strong soil.
Good clay is found in abundance ; and tliere
are several quarries of excellent stone, easily
split and wrought.

Windsor is a small town, formerly called
Campbell's Gore. Its soil is good for grazing
or for grain.

t>raw Wilton. How is it bounded t Draw the streams
which pass throagh it. Whence came the fint settlers of
WiUon 1 What is the soil 7 What is the population ?

Draw Windsor. How is it bounded T What was its for-
mer name 7 What is its population 7

102

GENERAL VIEW OF

HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY.

Totuns. Hillsborough County contains 29
incorporated towns. Amherst is the shire
town of the county, and contains the public
county buildings. Weare and Goffstown are
the largest townships in the county, and have
also the greatest population in them.

Inhabitants, The whole population of the
county is thirty-seven thousand seven hundred
and sixty-two, of whom a considerable and an
increasing number are employed in manufac-
tures, but by far the greater part are engaged
in agriculture. The inhabitants of this county,
particularly those living in towns near the Merri-
mack, carry on a lucrative trade with Lowell,
Boston, and other places, to which they have

How many towns are there in Hillsborough county ? What
is the shire town 7 Which are the largest and most popu
lous towns 1

What is the whole population of the county, and how are
the people principally employed ? With what large towns
do the people or this county carry on a lucrative trade T
What means of access have they to these towns ? What

HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY. 103

easy access by means of tbe river and the
Middlesex Canal ; taking in return for their
agricultural products, their wood, and their
lumber, such articles of necessity, conveniencei
or luxury, as are obtained chiefly by foreign
commerce.

Rivers. Babhoosuck River rises in Little
Babboosuck Pond, in the nortli-west comer of
Amherst. This small stream empties into
Great Babboosuck Pood, lying partly in Am*
herst and partly in Merrimack. From this
latter pond issues the stream which lakes the
name of Babboosuck River. It empties into
Souhegan River just before the latter empties
into the Merrimack.

Beaver River has its head source itt a pond
in Londonderry, Rockingham County. Pur-
suing a southerly course it leaves the county
and state at Pelham, and empties into the
Merrimack in Dracut, Massachusetts.

Contoocook River, with all its numerous
tributaries, waters the western part of the
county. It rises in several ponds in Rindge
and Jaffrey, in Cheshire County, an^, taking

articles do they sell, and what do they take in letnrn f
Where does Babboosuck BiTer rise ? What is its course

and where does it empty 7
Where is the head source of Beaver River 7 where does

it leave the county, and where does it emutr 7

Where does the Contoocook rise 7 Wlat is its course.

104 GENEEAL VIEW OF

a northerly course, leaves this county at Hills-
borough. The Contoocook is a very impor-
tant stream, whether we regard the extent of
the region watered by it, or the valuable sites
for mills and factories afforded by its nume-
rous falls.

HiUsborotigh River has some of its sources
in Stoddard and Washington. It takes a south-
easterly direction in Hillsborough, and having
received several smaller streams in its course,
empties into the Contoocook on the southern
border of the town.

Merrimack River is passable for boats and
rafts through its whole course in the county,
and is by far the largest and most important
stream fe it.

JVashua River is formed of two main branch-
es, which rise near the foot of Wachusett
Mountain, and unite their waters near the cen-
tre of Lancaster, Massachusetts. Thence the
stream pursues a northerly direction, receiving
in its course the waters of Squanicook and
Nissitissit Rivers both having their head sources
in this ;^ounty. The Nashua enters New-

aod where does it leave the county f What is said of its iin»
portance T , Where docs Hillsborough River rise ? Where
does it empty 7

What is said of Merrimack River in this county T
Where doef tifashua River rise f What rivers does it re-
ceive in its course 7 Where doeii it epter New-Hampshire T

HILLSBORaUGH COfQJXTY. 105

Hampshire betwe^ Holii^ and Dunstable, and
empties into the Merrimack in the latter town,
where it afibrds one of the best water privileges
in the state.

JSTissitissit Riv&r rises in Mason, and flows
into Potanipo Pond in Brookline ; it thence
issues a considerable stream, and leaving the
county in Hollis, k empties into the Nashua in
Pepperell, Massachusetts.

J^orth Branch River rises in Stoddard,
Cheshire County, and flowing through the
north part of Antrim, it aflfords- several good
water privileges. It enters Hillsborough, and
empties into the Contoocook on the south
border of that town.

Penichaok Brook rises in a pond of the samo
name in Hollis. It flows eastwardly between
Merrimack and Dunstable, and empties into
the Merrimack.

PUcataquog River is formed of two branches.
One of them rises in Deeringand in Henniker,
in Merrimack County, and the other in Fran-
cestown. They unite in Goffitown, whence

Into wiist does the Nashua River empty 7

Where does Nissitidsit River rise ? Where does it empty 7

Where does North Branch River rise ? Where does it
emp^ ?

Where does PeniohofA Brook rise 7 Where does it
empty 7

where do the braachee of Piseataqaog River rise 7 Where

106 GENERAL TIEW Of

the stream flows into Bedford, and empties into
the Merrimack in the north-east corner of that
town. The Piscataquog is a fine stream, bor-
dered by beautiful and fertile lands, and a£S)rd-
ing by its falls good sites for numerous miUs
and factories.

Salmon Brook rises in Groton, and flowing
north through Dunstable, in Massachusetts, it
enters New-Hampshire and empties into the
Merrimack in Dunstable.

Sotthegan River^xiexito the Merrimack and
Contoocook, is the largest and the most indpor-
taut stream in the county. It rises in Ashburn-
ham, Massachusetts, and enters this county at
New-Ipswich. It pursues a crooked course,
generally in a north-easterly direction, and
empties into Merrimack River at Merrimack.
It receives in its course many small tributaries,
and rushes over numerous falls, aflbrding in
almost every town through which it passes ad-
vantages for the establishment of manufactures.

The streams of this county, except the Merri-
mack, are not large, but they are very nume-

do they unite ? Into what town does the stream flow ? Into

what does it empty ? What is said of the Piscataquog Rive* !

Where does Salmon Brook rise ? Into what does it empty t

What is said of the size and importance of Souhegan

River ? Where does it rise ? Where does it enter the

county 7 What is its coarse, and where does it empty ?

VtThat is said of its falls T

What is said of the streams of the eouatj geuerall^ t

HILLSBOROUGH COUNTT. 107

rous and rapid. The most important of them
take their rise in the high lands which separate
the waters of the Connecticut from those of the
Merrimack.

Lakes and Ponds. There are no very large
collections of water in Hillsborough County.
Gregg's, Pleasant, Potanipo, Babboosuck, and
Massabesick, Ponds are the largest.

Mountains^ Though the surface pf the
county, and especially the west part of it, is
generally broken and uneven, there are no very
high elevations of land. Crotched, Lynde-
borough, and Unconoonock Mountains, are the
highest in the county; but when compared
with those in other parts of the state, they are
not remarkable.

lEstory, The first settlement made by
white people in Hillsborough County was at
Dunstable, which was then supposed to belong
to the state of Massachusetts. The county was
incorporated in the year 1771, and embraced
till 1823 the greater part of the present county
of Merrimack.

What are tome of. the largest collection! of water in the
coon^ 7

What is the turface of the county generally ? What are
the highest mountains in the county ?

Where was the first settlement in the county made ? When
was tlft county incorporated t What did it embrace tiU
1823 1

108

REVIEW OF THE COUNTY.

Draw the north line of Hillsborough County. Draw the
east line. The south. The west. How is the County
bounded T Draw Merrimack River. What falls, mills, and
manufactories are there upon the river in this county ? Mark
the places of falls.

KZemark. Where~the pupil does not readily recollect the
, Sec, of a stream', let him lefer to the account of the se-
veral towns through which the stream passes.]

Draw Contoocook River. What falls, mills, and factories
are there upon this stream t Mark their places.

Draw Piscataquog River. What mills and manufactories
are there upon it? Draw Souhegan River. What mills
and manufactories are there upon it ? Draw the course of
the Nashua in this county ? What manufactories are there
at its mouth 7 What Ponds do you recollect in the county t

What Mountains are there in Hillsborough County 1 Mark
their several places in the county. What is the shire town
of the county 7 In what part of the county is it 7 Draw it T
What is a shire town 7 What towns in the county are meet
distinguished for manufactures 7 Mark their several places.
What towns have academies 7 Mark their places. Which
is the most ancient town in the county 7 Mark the place of
Dunstable. In what part of the county is it 7 Whicn way is
Dunstable from Amnerst 7 In what part of the county is
New-Ipswich 7 Which way is it from Amherst 7 Which
wav is it from Dunstable 7 In what part of the county is
Hillsborough 7 Mark its place. Which way is it from
New-Ipswich 7 From Amherst 7 From Goffstown 7 Where
is Goffstown 7 Mark its place. , In what part of the coun-
ty is that 7 Mark the place of MasolT. For what manufac-
ture is Mason distinguished 7 Which way is Mason from
Amherst 7

!09

PARTICULAR VIEW OF

MERRIMACK COUNTY.

AUenstown. This is one of the smallest
towns in the county, both in territory and popu-
lation. The land is not generally very fertile.
Excellent granite for building purposes is found
in large quantities on Catamount Hill. At the
east end of the hill is a precipice of nearly 70
feet perpendicular^ height ; and at the foot of
the precipice there is a cavern extending into
the hill a considerable distance. Three of the
early settlers of this town were once surprised
while at their work by the Indians, and one of
them on attempting to escape was shot down.
The other two making no resistance, were
carried to Canada and sold into captivity. They
afterwards, however, made thmr escape and
returned home in safety.

Draw Allenitown. How is it bounded ? What is the aize
of the town? What is said of the land t What building ma-
terial is found on Catamount Hill t What natural curiositiea
are there on this hill 7 Give in account of the attack of th«
Indiana opon (fae early settlers. What is the popUlatioB ?

110 * PARTICULAR VIEW OB

Andover^ till the year 1828, contained a
considerable portion of the present town of
Franklin. It is still a large township, and has
several pleasant villages. An academy was
recently founded here, and endowed with the
sum of $10,000 by the late Joseph Noyes, one
of tlie citizens of die town. The surface of I
the town is rough. Ragged Mountains lie '
along its northern border, and the base of Kear-
sarge extends into the south-western corner.

Boscawen. The ancient name of this town
was Contoocook, which it derived from the
name of the river emptying into the Merrimack
at its south-east corner. The township when
viewed from its high lands has a remarkably
level appearance, and displays excellent tracts
of land and finely cultivated farms. The in-
tervals on the bank of the Merrimack are in
this town of uncommon width' and fertility.
Blackwater River, which passes through the

Draw Andover. How is it bounded ? What stream passes
through the west part of the town t Draw it. What moun-
tains lie on the north border of the town 7 What mountain
in the south-west comer of the town ? Mark its place.
What town has been set off partly from Andover 1 What is
the size of Andover ? What is said of the academy founded
here ? What is the population ?

Draw Boscawen 7 How is it bounded ? What river runs
through the township ? Draw it. What was the ancient name
of B<Mcawen 7 What is the q>pearance of the township 7
What is said of the intervals on the bank of the Merrimack ?
What i« the coarse of Blackwater River in this town, and

MCRRIMACK COVISTY. Ill

west part of the town, nearly parallel to and
about five miles distant from the Merrunack,
affi>rds numerous aud important water privi-
leges. The town supports more than two miles
in length of plank bridges over its mimerous
streams. Tfa6 principal village is situated in
the eastern part of the town, on the bank of the
Merrimack. Its main street is nearly two miles
in length, very spacious and level. Boscawen
is one of the most populous towns in the coun-
ty, and is a place of considerable business.
Its early inhabitants suffered repeatedly from
the attacks of the hostile Indians. Several of
them were killed at different times, and others
were carried into captivity. At the mouth of
Contobcook River is the small island rendered
famous by the massacre of a company of Indi-
ans by Mrs. Duston. This lady had been
taken captive by the savages in an attack upon
Haverhill, in Massachusetts, and brought with
another female and a boy to the island as a
place of safety to spend the night. During the
night, and while her enemies were in a pro-
found sleep, Mrs. Duston with the assistance
of her friend killed ten of the twelve Indians

what ffives the stream importance ? What length of bridges
does ttie town support? How is the principd village situ-
ated ? What is said of the population of the town t Did the
early inhabitants suffer from Indian hostiHty T What island
is there at the mouth of Contoocook River 7 Relate the ad-

112 PARTICULAR TI£W OF

With their own tomahawks ; she then scalped
them and took a boat, having destroyed the
others to prevent pursuit, and escaped in safe-
ty down the Merrimack. For this heroic
achievement Mrs. Duston was rewarded by a
grant of £50 from the General Court of Mas*
sachusetts.

Bow. The soil of this township is uneven
and hard to cultivate ; but it is rendered pro-
ductive by good management. Garven's Falls,
in the Merrimack, are in the north-east part of
the town, and are now rendered passable for
boats by means of a canal one third of a mile
long, and for a considerable distance through a
ledge of granite. The height of the falls is 25
feet ; the cost of the canal was nearly $ 14,000.

JBradford is about midway between Con-
necticut and Merrimack Rivers. Parts of the
township are hilly, but a considerable propor-
tion of it lies in a valley about three miles in

width. In the north-west part of the town is a

• — - -

▼entares of Mrs. Duston. What is the population of Bos*
cawen t

Draw Bow. How is it bounded 1 What is said of the soil
of the township t What falls are there on the Merrimack
here, and how are they rendered passable for boats 7 What
is the height of the falls 7 What was the cost of the canal 7
What is the population of the town 7

Draw Bradford. How is it bounded 7 Draw the streams
which pass throush it 7 How is this township situated 7
What is there in me north-west part of the town 7 In the
east part 7 What is the population 7

ME&RIMACK COUNTT. 113

plain a mile Icme and half a mile wide. In the
east part is a valuable stone quarry.

Canterbury formerly embraced the town-
ship of Northfield and Loudon. It was an
early settlement, and suffered frequent losses
both of life and property from the incursions of
the Indians. The township is generally une*
veo, but the soil is good ; the more uneven parts
afS)rd excellent pastures. Two bridges con-
nect Canterbury with Boscawen on the oppo-
site side of tlie Merrimack. The town contains
a family of Shakers, consisting of about 200
persons. This singular denomination of Chris-
tians believe it unlawful to marry. They hold
all their property in common, and are remark-
able for the simplicity of their manners, their
neatness,, and their industry. The Canterbury
Shakers have become widely known for the
neatness with which they manufacture various
small articles, and particularly for the variety
and excellence of the .garden seeds annually
prepared for sale by them.

Draw Canterbunr. How in it bouoded 7 Draw the streamfl
which pass throush it ? What towns formerlj belonged to
Canterboiy ? Was the town settled early T What is the
surface of the town 7 What bridsea are there over the Mer-
rimack here t How large is the family of Shakers in Canter-
boiy 7 What are some of the peculiarities of this denomi-
nation of Christians 7 For what are the Canterbury Shakers
particularly distinguished 7 What isifae population of Can-
terbury t

114 PABTICtJLAa VIEW OP

Chichester is an excellient township, having
but little waste land in it. Suncook River in
the east part of the town, affords good water
privileges, and has productive intervals upon its
banks. Indian relics, such as chisels and axes,
are frequently found in different parts of the
town. The Penacooks, a powerful tribe of
Indians, once inhabited this region; and culti^
vated their fields of com upon the banks of
the Suncook. »

Concord is the shire town of Merrimack
County, and the capital of the state. It is also
the largest township in the county, and contains
more inhabitants than any other town. Its
Indian name was Penacook, and its first
English name was Rumford. Penacook was
for maAy years much exposed to the depreda-
tions of the tribe Indians of the same name,
who inhabited the region. Much property
was destroyed and many lives were lost, in
their frequent attacks upon the Infant settle-
ment. The intervals on the Merrimack are

Draw Chichester. How is it boiindttd? Wliat is the
■oil of this town ? Wh&t is said of Suncook River 7 What
Indian relics are found here 7 What tribe of Indians formerly
lived here ? What is the population ?

Draw Concord. How is it bounded 7 What streams pass
through it? Draw them. What distinction has Concord
above other towns 7 What is its size 7 What were its origi-
nal names 7 To what were the early inhabitants exposed,
and what did they suffer? What is said of the lands of

MERRIMACK COUNTS. 115

'narrow, but the high lands extending back from
the river are very productive. The principal
village is neatly built, and extends along the
western bank of the Merrimack nearly two
miles. It contains among its public buildings
the state*house and state-prison. These public
buildings are constructed of granite, which is
found in abundance and of excellent quality ia
the town. On the east side of the river is
another considerable village connected with the
former by a bridge, called the upper or Federal
bridge, to distinguish it from the lower or Con-
cord bridge. The town contains two public
high-schools, two banks, five printing-offices
issuing several newspapers, and five book-
stores. For ah inland town it is a place of
very extensive and important business. The
trade of Concord has been much increased by
the construction of the Middlesex Canal and
the improvements in the navigation of the river.
Boats ascend the river to SewalPs Island at
the foot of Sewall's Falls, in the north part ol
Concord. The store-houses for goods and

Concord t How is the principal village situated t What

fublic buildings does it contain ? Of what material are the
itate House and State Prison built? What other village ia
there in the town 7 Wliat public institutions does the town
contain 7 How many printing offices are there 1 How many
book-fltores I How has the trade of Concord been much im-
proved ? How high can boats ascend the river 1 Where
are the store-houses situated 7 What are the neit obstruc-

116 PARTICULAB VIEW OF

merchandise transported upon die river are at
the bridges. Below Sewall's Island the river
is not obstructed by rapids till it reaches Tur-
key and Garven's Falls, at the southern extre-
mity of the town opposite to Bow. The width
of the Merrimack at Concord is about 100
yards, but in the spring and autumn it some-
times rises 20 feet above its ordinary height,
and overflows the intervals upon its banks.
Fences and crops are often swept away by the
current, but the lands are much fertilized by
the rich sediment deposited upon them when
the water subsides.

Dunharton. The situation of this town is
elevated, but it contains no mountains. The
soil is good, and the farmers are excellent
husbandmen. Few towns in the county pre-
sent to the traveller so many good houses as
Dunbarton.

Epsom. The surface of Epsom is uneven,
but the soil is good, and well adapted to grazing
and the raising of grain. M^Koy's Mountain

' ' I .■■.!. I .1 I III II II...

tione to the navigation of the river below Sewali^s Falls ?
How wide is the Merrimack at Concord 1 What damage is
frequently done by tiie river ? What is the population ?

Draw Dunbarton. How is it bounded ? Wnat is the situa-
tion of the town ? What is said of the soil and farmers here 7
What is said of the houses ? What is the population f

Draw Epsom. How is it bounded t Wnat is said of the
surface and soil of the township 7 What mountain is tiiere
in the town? What is the population f

MEREIMACK COUNTY. 117

is the principal elevation, and takes its name
from Mrs. M*Koy, who was captured by the
Indians in this town and carried to Canada.

Fishersfield. An unusual proportion of the
surface of this town is water. A part of Lake
Sunapee lies within its borders, and almost the
whole of Todd's. Pond, which is a large xjoUec-
tion of water, and has in it several floating
islands regarded as great curiosities. The
township is rough and even mountainous, lying
upon the high lands which separate the waters
of the Merrimack from those of the Connec-
ticut.

Franklin. This town was taken from An-
dover, Salisbury, and Northfield, in Merrimack
County, and Sandbornton in Strafford County,
and constituted a separate town in 1828. It
contains Chance Pond, formerly of Andover,
and what was called the East Village of Salis-
bury. From this village, which forms the prin-
cipal setdement of Franklin, a bridce extends
across the river to Sandbornton, just below

I _ . - ' - - - . - — - - - - - ■ _ ■ — _ - ■ . _

Draw Fishenfield. How is it bounded 7 What lake lies
in the north-west part of the township f In what part of the
township are the Sunapee Mountains ? What collections of
water are there in the town ? What is the situation and sur-
face of the township 7 What is the population ?

Draw Franklin, now is it bounded ? Draw Pemigewasset
Rirer i|^ this township. What other streams are there in the i

tcwn ? Draw them. From what town was Franklin sepa-
rated 7 From what town was the principal Tillafe of Franklin
taken 7 How is Uiis village connected with Sandbornton 7

lis PARTICULAR TIEW OF

Webster's Falls, and above the mbuth of Win-
nepissiogee River. Boats of 20 tons have as-
cended the Merrimack to Webster's Falls, and
the river might easily be made passable from
Concord to this place.

Henniker has probably as much variety in
its soil and productions as any town in the coun*
ty. Craney Hill in the south part of the town^
covers a considerable portion of its territory.
The Contoocook, here a considerable stream,
passes centrally through the town, and affords
water power for manufacturing purposes hardly
surpassed in the county. A bridge across the
Contoocook was constructed in 1818, at aik
expense of $2,000, having its abutments and
principal pier built with split blocks of granite^
fastened together with iron bolts.

Hookset formerly belonged to Dunbarto&
and Goffstown on the west side of the river,
and to Chester on the east. It was constituted
a separate town in 1822. There are some

- - — ■ — - ■ — ■ ^

•

How larae boats have ascended the Merrimack to Webster's
Falls 7 What is the popalation of Franklin ?

Draw Henniker. Wow is it bounded f Draw Contoocook
River in Henniker. What is said of tiie soil and productions
of the town f >Vhere is Craney Hill ? What is said of the
water power of the Contoocook here ? What is said of the
stone brid^ across the river ? What id the population ?

Draw Gtoi^sett. How is it bounded 7 Draw the course
of the Merrimack through it. Mark the place of Hookset
Falls. To what towns <ud Hookset formerly belong 7 When
was it made a separate town 7 What is said of ue land T

MERRIMACK COUNTY. 119

good farms in the town, but it is generally a
poor township of land.

The Isle of Hookset Falls are in this town.
The river descends 16 feet in the distance of
30 rods. A high rock divides the stream, and
a smaller rock lies between that and the western
shore. From an eminence, ca^ed the pinnacle,
on the west side of the river, there is the pros*
pect of a delightful landscape. A strong and
well built bridge has been constructed over the
river just below the falls. To enable boats to
ascend and descend the river at this place, a
canal has been excavated on the west bank,
one fourth of a mile long. The expense of
the work was $6,210.

HopJdnton was formerly a half shire town
of the ancient county of Hillsborough. It is
still a large, populous, and important town,
containing a very flourishing academy, and
being the seat of considerable business. The
township was originally called No. 5,, and after-
wards New-Hopkinton, from Hopkinton in
Massachusetts, whence several of the early in-
habitants came. The first settlers of the town

Deseribe Hookset Falls. How do boats pass tiie fUls ? What
was the expense of the canal 7 What is the population 7

Draw Hopkinton. How is it bounded 7 Draw the streams
whic^i pass through it. What distinction had Hopkinton fpr-
merly f What is its size and what does it contain 7 What
were iU first names X What hardships had the first settlers

120 PARTICULAR VIEW OF

ivere obliged once to abandon the place for
several years on account of dangers from the
savages, from whose hostility they sufiered fre-
quently and severely. On the banks of the
several rivers which water this town are excel-
lent interval lands, which are generally owned
by farmers, who also own uplands. The large
swells of land and the declivities of the hills, ex-
hibit tracts of highly cultivated and productive
land.

Loudon is a large township, and was origi-
nally a part of Canterbury. Soucook village,
the seat of the principal business, is pleasandy
situated in the south part of the town on the
east side of Soucook River. The river has
good intervals upon its banks, and afibrds water
power for several mills.

JVeto-London. Three considerable rivers
have their head sources in this town. Warner
River rises in Harvey's and Messer's Ponds,
near the centre of the town. Blackwater
River rises in Pleasant Pond, a large collection

to encounter 7 What is said of the land on the banks of the
rivers f What is the population f

Draw Loudon. How » it bounded 1 What river panes
through the town 7 Draw it. From what town was Loudon
separated 7 What is said of Soucook Village 7 What kind
of lands are upon the banks of the Soucook 7 What is the
population of Loudon 7

Draw Mew-London. How is it bounded 7 What lake i«
upon its west border 7 What rivers have their head foorcee
in this town 7 What is the population 7

MERRIMACK COITNTY. 12]

of water, in the norlh-east part of the town^
Little Sunapee Lake, in the west part of the
town, has an outlet into Lake Sunapee, lying
principally in Wendell, whence issues Sugar
River.

Korthfidd^ till 1828, contained that part of
Franklin which lies east of the Merrimack,
and south of Winnepissiogee River. The lat-
ter river, forming the outlet to the great Lake
of the same name in Strafford County, has in
this town a rapid current and numerous falls,
affording abundant water power for several
mills and manufactories. Bean Hill is the
highest elevation of land in the town, and sepa-
rates it from Canterbury on the south,

Pembroke, The main street of this town
extends along the back of the Merrimack near-
ly three miles. On it is situated the principal
village, and the academy which has been one
of the most flourishing institutions of the kind in
the state. The soil of this town, both that ly-
ing upon the rivers as well as that of the higher
lands, is generally very good. The Suncook

Draw Northfield. How is it bounded ? What new town
has been partly formed from Northfield ? What is said of
Winnepissiogee River in this town 7 Where is the highest
land in the town 7 What is the population 1

Draw Pembroke. How is it bounded 1 Which is Suncook
River? Which is Soucook River? ^Vhich is the largest
river touching the town ? How are the main street and vil-
lage in this town situated ? What is said of the soil ? What

122 FARTlCtJLAR YIEW OF

affords many valuable water privileges, and on
it are situated four paper mills, a cotton factory,
and several other mills for different purposes.

Pittsfidd has a very uneven and rocky sur-
face. Catamount Mountain extends across the
south-east part of the town, from the summit of
which may be seen the ocean. The town
contains several small ponds, which flow into the
Suocook, and afford numerous sites for mills.

Salisbury is an ancient, large, and important
town. Till the formation of the town of Frank-
lin, it extended eastward to Merrimack River.
It now contains two principal villages; one
situated in the south part of the town, and the
other about a mile and a half north-west of it.
The south village contains a highly respectable
academy. The western border of the town
extends nearly to the summit of Kearsarge
Mountain. In 1819, a large mass of rocks and
earth, of several thousand tons weight, was
loosened from the southern declivity of Bald

mills are there in town, and on what streams are they situ-
ated 7 What ts the population ?

Draw Pittsfield. now is it bounded ? Draw the streams
which pass through it 7 What is the name of the principal
stream 7 What is the surface of the town 7 What is said
of Catamount Mountain 7 What is the population 7

Draw Salisbuiy. How is it bounded 7 what stream passes
through the town 7 Draw its course. What Mountains
lie on the north-west comer of the town 7 What is the age,
size, and importance of Salisbury 7 What town has b^n

J>artiy formed from it recently 7 How are the principal Til-
ages situated 7 In which village is the Academy 7 What

MSKRIMACK COUNTY. 123

Hill and precipitated with great violence to the
valley below^ carrying all before it for the space
of forty rods in length and four in breadth.
The township abounds in excellent pasturage
and tillage land. On Blackwater River there
is some pine interval^ which united with the
adjacent hilly land, composes several very valu-
able farms. The early inhabitants of Salisbury
were repeatedly attacked by the Indians, and
several persons were at different times killed
and others were carried to Canada and sold as
captives.

Sutton. Kearsarge Mountain extends along
the eastern line of Sutton. King's Hill in the
west part of the town is almost as high, and com-
mands a splendid prospect to the south and
west of it. On tms hill and at its foot are
found clay of an excellent quality, and iSne
quarries of stone. The stone are easily split
and wrought into any desirable shape for build-
ing purposes. A mineral is found here also,
which resembles black lead, and forms a very
handsome and durable paint of a slate colour.

happened on Bald Moantain in 1819 ? What is said of the
lana on Blackwater River 1 What sufferings had the first in-
habitants of the place to endare f What is the population of
Salisbury ?

Draw Sutton. How is it bounded 7 Draw the stream
which passes through it. What is. the situation of Kearsarge
Mountain 7 Where is King's Hill, and what is said of it 7
What mineral is found here? What Indian relict have

124 PABTICTTUkJI TISW, &C.

Many Indian relics, such as stone pestks and
mortars, arrows and tomahawks, are found on
the banks of Kezar's Pond, situated in the north
part <rf the town.

fVamer is a large and populous town. It
has supplied large quantities of lumber for dis-
tant markets. On Warner River, which passes
centrally through the town, and its numerous
tributaries, are situated 16 saw-mills, 8 grist-
mills, and a paper-mill. Mink Hills lie in the
west part of the town, and furnish fine orchards
andgood pasturage.

WUmot is a very irregularly shaped town,
having be^n originally formed from New-Lon-
don, and extends south ta the summit of Kear-
Sarge Mountain. The township is generally
elevated land, and its surface is rough and un-
even.

been found in Sutton 7 What is the population ?

Draw Warner. How is it boundea ? Draw the principal
fitream which passes through it. What is its name ? Wnat
is the size of Warner t V\^at article has been sent in large
quantities from Warner to distant markets ? How many saw-
mills are there in the town 7 What other mills are there 7
What is said of Mink Hills 7 What is the population of the
town? .

Draw Wilmot. How is it bounded 7 What is said of the
shape, extent, and surface of Wilmot 7 What is its popula-
tion X

125

GENERAL VIEW OF

MERIMACK COUNTY

Towns. Merrimack County contains 24
incorporated towns* The shire town of the
county, and the largest town both in territory
and population, is Concord. The shire town
contains the public county buildings, the court-
house and jail, and the offices of the several
county officers.

Inhabitants. The whole population of the
county is thirty-four thousand six hundred and
nineteen. The inhabitants are generally em-
ployed in clearing and cultivating their lands,
and preparing for distant markets the rich pro-
ducts of their forests of timber. The head of

How many incorporated towns are there in Merrimack
Connty ? What is the shire town of the county % What
pablic buildings does it contain ?

What is the whole population of the county ? How are
the inhabitants generally employed % Wliat peculiar facili-
ties has this county for trade 7

126 GENERAL VIEW Oi*

boat navigation being in this county:, necessariiy
gives to it an important trade with the towns of
other counties in the state, which have no
more easy communication with the ocean than
that through Merrimack River and the Middle-
sex Canal.

Rivers. Blackwater River is formed of two
small streams, one of which rises in Danbury,
and the other issues from a pond in New-Lon-
don. These unite in Andover, and the. stream
flows thence through Salisbury and Boscawen,
and empties into the Contoocook in Hopkinton.

Contoocook. The Contoocook enters the
county at Henniker from Hillsborough County,
in the' general view of which its sources are
particularly described. It is in Merrimack
County a large and important stream, bordered
in many parts of its course by rich and produc-
tive lands. • It receives Warner and Black-
stone Rivers in Hopkinton, and empties into
the Merrimack between Concord and Bos-
cawen.

Merrimack River is formed in the tovra of
Franklin in this county, by the union of the
Pemigewasset and the Winnepissiogee Rivers.

Describe the origin and conne 'of Blackwater Hirer.

VHiere does the Contoocook enter this county 7 What is
the size of the Contoocook in Merrimack County 1 What
rivers 'does it receive and -where does it empty 1

What are the main branches of the Merrimack ? Wher«

MERRIMACK COUNTY, 127

It is by far the largest and most important
stream in the county, and passes almost cen-
trally through it from north to south. The
falls and bridges upon the river have been no-
ticed in the several towns where they are situ-
ated. The Merrimack, and the beautiful and
fertile lands by which it is bordered, are not
only a great ornament to the county, but a great
source of wealth to its inhabitants.

Pemigewasset River first touches Merrimack
County in Franklin. It is the largest river in
the county except the Merrimack, and consti-
tutes the principal source of that stream. Its
own origin and course are noticed more par-
ticularly in Grafton County, to which they be-

Soucook River lies chiefly within Merrimack
County. It has its bead sources, however, in
Gilmanton, in Strafford County. It passes
over several falls in its course, and is bordereci
by narrow but fertile tracts of interval land, till
it empties into the Merrimack.

Suncook River rises in Strafibrd County,
where its sources are described. It enters
Merrimack County at Pittsfield, and receiving

do they unite 7 What is said of its importance and course
in this county ?

What is said of Pemigewasset River in this county ?

Where is the head source of Soucook River 7 What is
said of the stream 7

Where does Suncook River rise f Where does it enter

128 . GKNERAU VIEW OF

several tributaries from that and the adjacent
towns, it becomes an interesting and important
stream. Its batiks from their fertility were the
favourite residence of the Indians, when white
people first began to settle in the region. The
Suncook is in many parts of its course a rapid
stream, and affords water power for numerous
mills and extensive manufacturing establish-
ments.

Turkey River is a small stream issuing from
Turkey Pond, in Concord. It empties into the
Merrimack in Bow, just below Turkey Falls.

Warner River lies wholly within the Coun-
ty of Merrimack. It rises in the, Sunapee
Mountains in Fishersfield, and in several ponds
in New-London. It is a very lively and rapid
stream, and has upon its banks a great number
of mills, particularly saw-mills. It empties into
the Contoocook in Hopkinton.

TKnnepissiogee River for a short distance
forms a boundary of the comity. It is a very
rapid stream, and unites its waters with the
Pemigewasset in Franklin* In the distance of

this county 7 What is said of the banks and current of the
Suncook ?

What is said of Turkey River 7

Where does Warner River rise T What is said of this
stream, and where does it empty ?

Where does the Winnepissiogee meet the Pemigewasset 1
What fall has the Winnepissiogee just before it unites with
the Pemigewasset?

MERRIMACK COUNTT. 129

between three and four miles above its junction
with the Pemigewasset, it has a descent of 190
feet, thus afli)rding almost exhaustless power
for manufacturing purposes. The sources and
principal course of the river being in Strafibrd
County, it is ^here more particularly <Jescribed.

Merrimack County is beautifully watered by
numerous streams, which flow into the fertile
valley of the Merrimack from the high lands
on its east and west borders.

Lakes and Ponds. A part of Sunapee and
Little Sunapee Lakes are the only collections
of water in the countv, which bear the name of
Lake. Pleasant Pond in New-London, Chance
Pond in Franklin, and Long and Turkey Ponds
in Concord, are among the largest collections
of water lying wholly in the county.

JHountains. Sunapee Mountain in Fishers*
field, Ragged Mountain on the north of Ando-
ver, M*Koy's Mountain in Epsom, and Cata-
mount Mountain in Pittsfield, are the highest
elevations of land in the county except Kear-
sarge Mountain, which lies in Wilmot, Salis-
bury, Warner, and Sutton. Kearsarge Moun-
tain is 2461 feet above the level of the sea.

Is the coantj well watered ?

What lakes are there in Merrimack CouBty ! What are
some of the largest ponds 7

What are the highest mountains in the county, and how
are they situated 7 How high is Kearsarge Mountain f What

130 GSN&RAL VIEW OF

and is the highest land in the county. The
prospect from this mountain in a clear sky is
very wide and beautiful. Its summits are a
bare mass of granite, presenting an irregular
and broken surface ; its sides are covered with
a thick growth of wood.

The surface of the county generally, like that
of the whole state, is broken and uneven ; but
it is less so than the more northern counties,
and affords large tracts of land suited to tillage
and the production of all the fruits, grains, and
grasses common in the climate. The broken
and hilly lands are well adapted to grazing ; and
as fast as they are cleared of the forests which
cover them, are profitably appropriated to the
raising of neat cattle and sheep.

History. The towns of Merrimack County
on the west side of Merrimack River, except
a part of Concord and Bow, formerly consti-
tuted a portion of Hillsborough County, and
all the towns on the east side of the river be-
longed to Rockingham County. In 1823, a
new county was formed under its present
name.

is said of the prospect from thq summit? Of what is the
summit composed 1

What is the surface of the county generally ? How are
the broken and hill^ lands appropriated 7

From what counties was tne county of Merrimack formed t
When was the new county formed f

MERRIMACK COUNTr. 131

REVIEW OF THE COUNTY.

* Draw the north line of Merrimack county. Draw the east

line. The south. The west. How is the county bounded ?

Draw Merrimack River as it passes through this county.

What falls are there upon it 1 Mark their places, and name

the towns in which they are situated.

[Remark. If the pupil does not readily recollect the an-
swers to this and similar questions, let him refer to ^e ac-
counts of the several towns, through which the river passes,
in his Geography, where he will find the information neces-
saiy to his purpose.]'

Where is Winnepissiogee River 7 What do you recollect
of this stream 7 Draw Contoocook River, and its branches
in this county. Which is Blackwater River? Which is
Warner River 1 What falls, mills, and factories, do you
recollect on the Contoocook f Mark their places. What on
the Blackwater 7 Mark their places. What on Warner
River 7 Mark their places. Draw Soucook River. What
mills and factories are there on this stream 7 Draw Sun-
cook River. What mills and factories are there on this
stream 7 Mark their places.

What are the largest collections of water in the county 7
Mark their places.

What is tne highest mountain in Merrimack county 7 In
what towns is it 7 Mark its place on your drawing. Tell
what you recollect of the mountain. What other consider-
able mountains are there in the county 7 In what towns are
they 7 Mark their several places.

What is the shire town or the county 7 Draw the shape of
Concord in its proper place in the county. What public
buildings are there in Concord 7 What is the siae or Con-
cord, compared with other towns of the county 7 What do
yon recollect of the trade and business of Concord 7 In what
direction is Canterbury from Concord 7 Mark the position of

132 REVIEW OF THE COUNTY.

Canterbury on your drawing of the county ? What peculiar
people live in Canterbury ? What do you recollect of the
peculiarities of the Shakers ?

In what direction is Andover from Concord T Mark its
place. Mark the position of Hopkinton. What account can
fou. give of Hopkinton* In what part of the county is Frank-
in ? Which way is it from Concord 1 Mark its place on
your drawing. In what part of the county is Fishersfield T
VVliich way is it from Concord ? Mark its place. In what
part of the coun^ is Pittsfield ? Mark its place. Which
way is it from Pittsfield to Warner 7 What account can you
give of Warner ? Mark the place of Henniker. What ac-
count can you give of Henniker ?

What towns m the county contain academies ? What do
you recollect of the surface and soil of the county ? What
are the principd articles of trade with Boston and Lowell, in
Massachusetts 7

How many towns are there in Merrimaok county ? What
is the whole population of tiie counter ? How fre the people
generally employed ? What town in the coun^ was first
settled ? When was the county incorporated 1 From what
counties was it taken 7

133

PARTICULAR VIEW OF

ROCKINGHAM COUNTY.

Atkinson once formed a part of Plaistow,
from which it was separated and constituted a
town. It contains one of the most ancient
academies in the state. In a meadow in this
town there was once a floating island, which
was regarded as a great curiosity. When the
meadow was overflowed with water by means
of an artificial dam, the island would rise with
the water sometimes to the height of six feet,
and would gradually sink again as the water
subsided.

Brentwood. Pickpocket Falls in Exeter
River, are situated near the eastern line of this
town. On the fall there is an extensive cotton
factory and other mills. A card factory and
an iron furnace for casting machinery, have

" ' I '

Draw Atkinion. How is it bounded T To what town did
^.tkinaon once belong ? What is said of Atkinson academy ?
lescribe the floating island which once existed in this town.
VhBi is the population 7

Draw Brentwood. How is it bounded ? What river passes
though the town ? Draw it. What mills and factories are

134 PARTICULAR VIEW OP

also been established here. Iron has been
found in considerable quantities, and was for-
merly worked with success.

Candia originally belonged to the ancient
town of Chester, and was called Charmingfare
till it was^ constituted a town by its present
name. The western part of this town is the
highest land between Merrimack River and
the ocean. The township is generally elevated,
and commands a view of the White Hills to
the north, and the lights on Plum Island to the
south-east. The soil is naturally hard to culti-
vate, but has been rendered fertile by the in-
dustry of the inhabitants.

Chester originally embraced, besides the
territory within its present limits, the whole of
the townships of Raymond and Candia, and the
greater part of those of Hooksett and Manches-
ter. It is still one of the largest and most po-
pulous towns in the county, and is the chief
seat of business in the west part of it. There
are several valuable meadows in this town, and

there on Picltpocket Falls ? What metal has been found
here T What ib the population 1

Draw Candia. How is it bounded? What streams are
there iri the town ? Draw them. To what town did Candit
once belong, and what was it called ? How is the townshur
situated ? What is said of the soil ? What is the popalationi

Draw Chester. How is it bounded? What ponds air
situated in the west part of the town 7 Draw them. Wbit
towns were formerly included in Chester 1 What is its pit-
sent size and importance f What is said of the lands 7 mU

ROCKINGHAM COUNTY. 135

the large swells of upland yield in fertility to
none in the county or state. Massabesic Pond,
in the west part of the town, is the largest body
of fresh water in the county. There are two
caves in Chester, which may be regarded as
natural curiosities. One is in the west side of
Rattlesnake Hill, in the south-west part of the
town. This cave has two entrances, and ex-
tends thirty-five feet into the bill. Tlie other,
called the *^ Devil's Den," is situated in Mine
Hill, near the east side of Massabesic Pond.
It has an entrance five feet high and two and
a half feet wide, and extends mto the hill in a
northern direction about eighty feet, of suffi-
cient dimensions to admit a person to pass.
Sulphur is found here in small quantities ; and
also plumbago or black lead, of an excellent
quality and in considerable abundance. The
principal village in this town is situated on an
elevated rise oif land, and commands one of the
most extensive prospects in New-England.
The Indians had a settlement of 10 or 12 wig-
wams on an island in Massabesic Pond, vestiges
of which may still be seen.

natural curiosities are there in Chester 1 What is the ex-
tent of the cave in Rattlesnake Hill 1 Describe the cave in
Mine Hill. What minerals are found here 7 How is the
principal village situated ? Where had the Indians a settle-
ment m this town ? MHuit is the population 1

13^ PARTICULAR VIEW OF

De&rfidd is a large and populous town.
While th^ petition for the town was pending, one
of the inhabitants killed a deer and presented it
to the Governor. The township was granted,
and. took the name of Decrfield from the above
circumstance. Moulton Pond in the west part
of the town, discharges a portion of its waters
into the SuncQok in Epsom, and a portion in
die opposite direction into Lamprey River.
This pond is also remarkable for having been
often sounded without discovering bottom.
Pleasant Pond, lying partly ia Northwood, is
remarkable for the clearness of its water, and
for the fine white sand found in great abua*»
dance at its northern ej^d. The surface of the
town is generally uneven, and the soil though
hard to cultivate is strong and fertile. Tucka-
way, Saddleback, and Fort Mountains, are the
principal elevations. In the west part of the
town is a natural formation in a rock ,formerly
designated as the *' Indian Camp." Its sides
are irregular, and its top is covered by a cano-
py of granite projecting about 14 feet, and
anordiug a shelter from the sun and rain.

Draw Deerfield. How is it bounded ? Wliat river' rites
in Deerfield ? Draw its branches. How did the town derive
its name 7 What is said of Moulton Pond ? What is said
of Pleasant Pond 1 what is the surface and soil of the
town ? What are the principal mountains ? Describe the
'' Indian camp.'' What ia the population ?

ROCKINGHAM COUNTY. 137

Derry contains a bank. Till within a few
years, it constituted a part of Londonderry ;
and it embraces the original settlement of that
ancient town. Pinkerton Academy has a fine
situation in the principal village, and is a highly
respectable and flourishing institution. It has
a productive fund of $14,000, the gift of Major
John Pinkerton, from whom it takes its name*
Adams' Female Academy is also established
here with a fund of $4000, besides other
property in real estate. The soil of this town-
ship is excellent, and there is much less waste
land in it than is usual in this region. The in-
habitants of this town have in all periods of their
history been distinguished for their judicious
and persevering attention to the cause of popu-
lar education.

East-Kingston formerly constituted a part
of Kingston. Its soil is of an excellent quality,
and well adapted to the cultivation of grass and

grain.

^- - ■ ■ I - - ■ ■

Draw Derry. How w it bounded? What river passes
through Der^ ? Draw it ? To what town did Deny once
belong 7 What is the situation of Pinkerton academy 7 By
whom was it founded ? What other academy is there here ?
What are its funds ? What is the soil of the township ?
What is the state of popular education here 7 What is uie
population 7

Draw E^t-Eingston. How is it bounded 7 What river
runs through the town 7 Draw it. To what town did East-
Kingston once belong 7 What is its soil 7 What is it9 popu-
lation 7

138 PAHTICULAR VIEW OF

Epping belonged to Exeter till it was in-
corporated as a separate town. The price of
land for agricultural purposes is higher in Ep-
ping than ii) the surrounding towns. Many of
the inhabitants have emigrated at distant
times to different places, so that the number of
people in the town is not greater now than it
was forty years ago.

Exeter is a very ancient town ; the oldest
indeed in the state, except Portsmouth and
Dover. The original name of Exeter River
was Squamscot ; and the falls, near which is
now situated the principal village of the town,
were called Squamscot Falls; and are the head
of tide water. The river affords good water
power, which is improved by several important
mills,and manufacturing establishments. Above
the falls, the main branch of the stream takes
the name of Great River, to distinguish it from
Little River, which empties into it near the
village. Exeter contains six tanneries, some
of them very extensive, and an establishment
for morocco dressing, where twenty thousand

Draw E]>piiig. How ii it boanded? What river passes
throogh this town 7 Draw it ? From what town was Epping
set off? What is said of the price of land here ? What is
said of the number of people in Epping ? What is the pre-
sent nnmber ?

Draw Exeter. How is it bounded ? Draw Exeter river aa
it passes ^ough the town. What is said of the antiooi^ of
Exeter ? What was the former name of the river ana faUs f
To what extent is the taBniog business earned on in Exeter f

ROCKINGHAM COUNTY. 139

skins have been annually prepared. The
county courts are held alternately at Exeter
and Portsmouth. In the principal village there
are a court-house, a jail, two printing offices,
a bank,and an academy. Philips' Exeter Acad-
emy is the most ancient, richly endowed, and
important institution of the kind in the state.
Its takes its name from John Philips, LL.D.,
who was its founder and principal benefactor.
The Academy building stands on a plain near
the centre of the town, and is well provided
with accommodations for the different branches
of instruction. A considerable part of the^
funds of the institution is devoted to the pur-
pose of aiding the indigent students who may
resort to it for education.

Gosport is an incorporated town situated
upon a small island of the same name, which is
one of the Isles of Shoals, lying about nine
miles south-east from Newcastle at the mouth
of Pascataqua River. There are but few peo-
ple upon the island at present. Formerly there

jicademy founded? How is the academy

building situated ? How is a considerable portion of the
funds of the institution appropriated 1 What is the popula-
tion of Exeter ?

How is Gosport situated 1 For what purpose did oeople
formerly resort to Gosport ? What is the population 7

140 PARTICULAR VIEW OF

were many^ chiefly fishermen, who resorted to
the place to cure their fish Tor the market.

Greenland was originally a part of Ports-
mouth. The soil generally is remarkably good,
and in a high state of cultivation. The or-
chards and gardens being near the market of
Portsmouth, are particularly valuable,and afford
a good profit to the farmer.

Hampstead lies upon the high lands between
Merrimack and Exeter Rivers. Island Pond
contains an island of 300 acres, which con-
stitutes a very valuable farm.

Hampton. 'The Indian name of this town
was Winnicumet. It is a very ancient town, and
once was a very large one, embracing within
its limits Northampton, Hampton F^lls, Ken-
sington, and Seabrook. Hampton is a place
ef considerable business. Ship-building has
been carried on here to some extent. On the
east side of the town is a vast extent of salt
marsh, which produces hay to support through

the winter season more neat cattle than can be

Draw Greenland. How is it bounded ? Draw the stream
which passec through it. To what town did it formerly be-
long ? What ia the state of agriculture here ? What is the
population 7

I)raw Hampstead. How is it bounded ? How is the town-
■hip situated 7 V^at do you recollect of Island Pond 7
What is the population 7

Draw Hampton. How is it bounded 7 What was the
ancient name of the town 7 What towns did it formerly
embrace 7 What is said of the business of the town 7 What
is said of the salt manhes 7 Describe the beach and Great

ROCKINGHAM COUNTT. 141

kept in the pastures of the town during the
summer. Herds of cattle are consequently
driven from Hampton to the interior towns to
be pastured. Bordering upon the ocean is a
beautiful beach extending the whole length of
the town, interrupted only by the Great Boar's
Head, which is an abrupt eminence extending
into. the sea, and dividing tlie beach nearly into
two equal parts. Hampton Beach is a place
of considerable resort for invalids and fashion-
able people during the warm season. On the
north side of -Great Boar's Head are several
fish-houses, from which the winter and summer
fisheries are carried on with much success. Fish
taken here in the winter, are carried frozen
into the interior, and Vermont, and even to
Canada. Hampton contains a respectable in-
corporated academy.

Hampton-'iPalU was separated from the an-
cient town of Hampton. , In the eastern part
of this town are extensive salt marshes.

Hawke is a small rough township formerly be-
longing to Kensington. There is a less number of

Boar's Head. What w said of the fisheries carried on here ?
What public institation does the town contain ? V^hat is
the population ?

Draw Hampton-Falls. How is the town bounded ? From
whaX town was it separated ? What is the quality of the land
in the east part of the town 7 What is the population ?

Draw Hawke. How is it bounded, and to what town did it
formerly belong 7 Has the town increased in population
for the last fifty years t What is the population ?

142 PARTICULAR VIEW OF

people in this town now than there were fifty
years ago.

Kennngtan was setded at an early period,
and was originally a part of Hampton. The
township is very uneven, ancl has declined in
population for many years.

Kingston formerly included the present
townships of East-Kingston, Hawke, and San-
down. It was an early settlement, and suffered
much from the hostilities of the Indians. Seve-
ral lives were lost, and the inhabitants were
once obliged to abandon their setdement.
Bog iron ore has been found in the swamps
and in Great Pond, but never was wrought to
any ^considerable extent. Red and yellow
ochre have also been discovered suitable for
paints. Portions of the plane land here are
rich and very fertile. Great Pond and Coun-
try Pond, both large collections of water, have
each an island in tibem of eight or ten acres.
Rockriromon Hill is situated near Hawke line.
On its west side is anabrupt descent of nearly

Draw Kensington. How is it bounded ? To what town
did Kensington once belong ? Has it increased in Dopula*
tion like other towns in the county 1 What is its population t

Draw Kingston. How is it bounded 1 Draw tlie ponds
and streams in the town. What towns fonnerl^r belonged to
Kingston ? What hardships had the first inhabitants of the
place to suffer ? What ore has been found here 1 What
paints 7 What is said of Great and Countrjr Ponds ? Where
IS Rockrimmon Hill, and what is said of it ? What public
institution does Kingston contain 7 WkoX is the population 7

BOCltmOHAM COUNTT^ 143

one hundred feet to the plain on which it stands.
Kingston contains an incorporated academy.

Londonderry was an immensely large town-
ship of excellent land. It embraced the pre-
sent towns of Windham, Salem, Hudson,
Derry, and a part of Manchester. It was
settled very early by an industrious company
of fsurmers originally from Scotland. They
called their township, at first, Nutfield. They
introduced the culture of potatoes, a vegetable
till that time unknown in New-England.

JSrevf- Castle is situated on an island at the
mouth of Portsmouth Harbour. It is a very
ancient town, and was once a much larger and
more important place of business than Ports-
mouth. The present inhabitants are chiefly
engaged in fishing and preparing their fish for
market. On the north-east part of the island
are a light-house, and a fort called Fort Consti-
tution. This fort effectually protects the en-
trance to Portsmouth Harbour.

Draw Londonderry. How is it bounded ? What was the
original extent of Londonderry ? By whom was the place
settled ? V^at did they call their settlement ? What vege-
table did they introduce into New-England ? What is Sie
population ?

What is the situation of New-Castle 7 What was its for-
mer importance 1 What is the business of the present in-
habitants 1 What public works are situated on the island?
What is the object of Fort Constitution 1 What is the po-
pulation ?

144 PARTICULAK YIEIIf Or

^eimngton was an eariy setdement, and
originally belonged to Portsmouth and Dover.
It was much exposed to the hostilities of the
Indians, who once attacked the settlement, de-
stroyed several houses, killed fourteen persons,
and took six prisoners. Pascataqua Bridge
extends from Fox Point to Goat Island^ and
from thence to Durham shore. Its whole
length is 2600 feet; and its cost was $65,401.

JVew-Market was originally a part of Exe-
ter. Agriculture is here pursued with success.
The town contains several pleasant and thriving
villages. New-Market Wesleyan Academy
is a flourishing institution.

jyev^totm is one of the smallest and most
inconsiderable towns in the county. Its soil
produces good crops of grain and grass.

jSTorth-Hampton was formerly a parish t)f
Hampton called Norih-Hill. In the early pe-
riods of its history, the inhabitants were much
annoyed by the Indians. Several people were

Draw Newinston. How is it bounded 7 To what towns
did it formerly belong ? What is said of its sufferings from
the Indians 7 What is the extent and what was the cost of
Piscafairaa Bridge 7 What is the population of the place ?

Draw JMew-Market. How is it bounded 7 To what town
did it formerly belong 7 What is the state of agriculture
here 7 What is said of the settlements of the town 7 What
literary institution is there here 7 What is the population 7

Draw Newtown. How is it bounded 7 What is said of its
size and soil 7 What is the population 7

Draw North-Hampton. How is it bounded 7 What stream*

ROCKINGHAM COUITTT. 145

killed by them within the limits of the town.
Little Boar's Head is an eminence projecting
into the sea, north of the mouth of Little River
in this town.

Northwood has an elevated site, and com-
mands a distant prospect. Ti^e town is re-
markable for the number and size of the ponds
within its limits. From one farm the water
flows into three different streams in different
directions, the Suncook, Isinglass, and Lamprey-
Rivers. The soil is generally moist, and well
suited for grazing. Saddleback Mountain lies
partly in this town, and is the most considerable
elevation in the county.

JVottingham. The surface of this town is
rough and uneven. Several mountains extend
along the west part of the town, forming parts
of the range called Blue Hills. Bog iron ore
is found here in great quantities, and inex-
haustible masses of mountain ore are supposed
' to exist in the mountains. " Nottingham

are there in town? Draw them. What was the former
name of the place ? What were the sufierings of the early
inhabitants 7 Describe Little Boar's IJead.

Draw Northwood. How is it bounded 7 Draw the ponds
and streams of the town ? What is the situation of the town 1
For what is the town remarkable ? What is the character
of the soil '{ What mountain is there in the town ? In
what part of the town is it ? What is the population 1i

Draw Nottingham. How is it bounded ? Draw the princi-
pal streams of the town. What is the surface of the town f
What mountains are there here 7 What ore^ have been

146 PARTICULAR VIEW OF

Square" is a pleasant village, built on an ele-
vated situation.

Plaistow formerly belonged to Haverhill in
Massachusetts. The north-west part of the
town is rocky, but the soil is generally good.
Clay abounds near the centre of the town.

Poplin. The surface of this town is not
broken by high hills. Spruce Swamp extends
over a large space in the east part of the town-
ship.

Portsmouth is situated upon a peninsula on
the south side of Pascataqua River, three miles
from the ocean. The township originally in-
cluded New-Castle, Rye, Greenland, and a
part of Hamj)ton, and was the first settlement
made in the county. Portsmouth is the only
sea-port in New-Hampshire, and is much the
largest town in the state. Its harbour is one
of the best in the United States, being deep
and commodious, and easily protected by forts
at the mouth of the river. The current of the

found here ? What is said of " Nottingham Square ?" What
is the population 7

Draw Plaistow. How is it bounded ? To what town did
it formerly belong 1 What is said of the surface of the
town ? What is the population 1

Draw Poplin. How is it bounded ? Draw Exeter Ri^er
as it passes through the town 7 What is said of the surface
of the town 7 What covers a large proportion of the east
part of the township 7 What is the population. 7

Draw Portsmouth. How is it bounded 7 How is the town
situated 7 What Was the original extent of the township 7

ROCKINGHAM COUNTT. 147

river is so deep and rapid below Portsmouth,
that it is never obstructed by ice. Vessels
of any size may enter the harbour at any sea-
son of the year, which gives the town a com-
mercial advantage not generally enjoyed by
places in the same latitude. The merchants
of Portsmouth are considerably engaged in
foreign commerce ; but a greater part of the
vessels belonging to the town are employed in
the West India trade, and in carrying freights
from the Southern States to different parts of
Europe. Above fifty vessels are employed in
the cod and mackerel fisheries, which has in
former years been a profitable branch of the
business of the town. The first line-of-battle
ship launched in the western ^hemisphere, was
built on Badger's Island, in the harbour of
Portsmouth. Continental Island, between
Portsmouth and Kittery in Maine, has upon it
one of the safest and most cpjamodious Navy
Yards in the United States, and several of the
finest vessels in the navy have been built here.
Portsmouth is connected with New-Castle by

What is said of the size and importance of Portsmouth?
What is the extent of its harbour ? What peculiar adran-
tages has the harbour of Portsmouth ? How are the merchants
of Portsmouth generally engaged ? To what extent are the
fisheries pursued here f Where was the first line-of-battle
ship in the western hemisphere built ? Wher« is Portsmouth
Navy Yard, and what is said of it ? How is Portsmouth con-

.148 PABTieULAR TIEW OF

a bridge, and vnih Kittery on the opposite side
of the river by two others recently built. One
of the bridges lead'ing to Kittery is 1750 feet
in length, and is supported by 70 framed sec-
tions of piers. This bridge, though a great
conv6niency to the public, was very expensive
and difficult to be constructed, owing to the
depth of the river and the rapidity of its cur-
rent. The piers which support the bridge,
are in some places more than 70 feet in length.
Water of an excellent quality is brought by an
aqueduct from a fountain about three miles
distant, and conducted into all the principal
streets. Portsmouth contains seven churches,
five banks, several extensive printing-offices
and book stores, two insurance offices, an
academy, alms-house, two markets, a custom-
house, and two extensive rope-walks. Being
a half shire town of the county, it has also a
court-house and jail. Besides these several
public buildings, the town is adorned by nume-
rous private mansionis, which indicate the taste
and wealth of the inhabitants.

nected with New-Castle and Kitteiy 7 Describe one of the
bridffca leading to Kittery. What difficulties were eneonn-
tered in building it ? How is the town supplied with freah
water ? What are some oftiie most important public build-
ing and institutions in the tcwn? What is said of thft
pnTate maoaions of Portsmouth t What is the population 1

BOCKINGHAM COUNTT. 149

Raymond was originally that part of Chester
called Charmingfare. In the north part of the
town, near the summit of the hill, about 100 feet
high, is a natural excavation in a ledge called
the Oven, from the appearance of its mouth.
It is a regular arch about five feet high and of
the same width, extending fifteen feet into the
hill. Many rattlesnakes were, formerly found
here.

Rye. is famous for its pleasant beaches, to
which many persons resort in the warm sea-
son both for health and amusement. Six miles,
or about one third of the sea-coast of the state,
belongs to Rye. The town contains a small
harbour, into which vessels of 70 or 80 tons
may enter at high water. Breakfast Hill is
situated between Rye and Greenland, and takes
its name from the circumstance of a party of
Indians being surprised there at breakfast by
the English. The inhabitants of Rye sufiered
considerable losses from the attacks of the In-
dians during the early history of the town.

Draw Raymond. How is it bounded 1 Draw the river
which passes through the town. To what town did it formerly
belong? What natural curiosity is there in the north part
of the town 7 Describe it What is the population of Ray-
mond 1

Draw Rye. How is it bounded 7 For what is it famous ?
What is the extent of sea-coast belongins to Rye ? What is
said of Rye Harbour ? Where is Breakfast Hill, and how
did it denve its name 1 What sufferings had the early in-
habitants to encounter 7 What is the population T

PARTICULAR VIEW OF 150

Salem* Spicket River aod its branches
afford excellent water privileges in this town,
some of which have been occupied by mills,
and on one has been erected a woollen factory.

Sandovm was originally a part of Kingston.
The town is rough and uneven, and contains
fewer inhabitants at present than it did twenty
or thirty years ago.

Seabrook was formerly a part of Hampton
Falls. Extensive salt marshes lie along the
side of the town, and bog iron ore is found in
many of the streams. Whale boats are built
in greater numbers here than in any other town
in New- England. Many of the inhabitants of
the town are employed in the fisheries.

South-Hampton is one of the smallest towns
in the county in population. Its surface is
generally even. Powow River affords some
valuable mill sites.

Draw Salem. How is it bounded ? What river passes
through the town t Draw it. What mills and factories have
been erected on it ? What is the population ?

Draw Ssmdown. How is it bounded t Draw the stream
running tiirough the town. To what town did Sandown be-
ionff ? What is said of the prosperity of the town ? What
is the population ?

Draw Seabrook. How is it bounded ? To what town did
it belong ? AVhat kind of land extends alonff the east side
of the town ? What is found in the streams ? What is said
of boat-building here ? How are many of the inhabitants
employed 1 What is the population 1

Draw South-Hampton. How is it bounded? What is
•aid of its size and surface ? Its mill sites 1 What is the
population 7

ROCKINGHAM COUNTY. 151

Stratham. The people of Stratham have
excellent farms, and are almost exclusively de-
voted to agriculture. On the east part of the
town are found considerable quantities of peat.

Windham was formerly a part of London-
derry, and its early inhabitants were originally
from Scotland.

Draw. Stratham. How is it bounded 7 How are the people
generally emidojed 1 What is found in the east part of the
town?

Draw Windham. How is it bounded? What pond of
importance is there in this town ? To what town dia Wind-
ham once belong, and from where did its early inhabitants
eome ? What is the population ?

152

GENERAL VIEW OF

ROCKINGHAM COUNTY

Towns. Rockingham County contains 36
incorporated towns. The shire towns are Ports-
mouth and Exeter, The courts are holden
alternately in each of them. Portsmouth is
much the most important and the largest town
in population in the county.

Inhabitants. The whole population of the
county is forty-four thousand four hundred
and fifty-two. A considerable number of the
people are employed in manufactures, and
more are engaged in commerce and the fish-
eries in this county than in any other in the
state ; but by far the greater part are devoted
to agriculture. The lands of this county having
been longer under cultivation than those of the

What is the whole number of towns in Rockingham Coun-
ty 7 What are the shire towns t Wliere are the courts
held ? Which is the largest and most important town in the
county ?

What is the whole population of the county 1 How are
the people of the county employed 7 What la the state of

ROCKINGHAM COUNTY. 153

Other counties of the state, are generally better
subdued. The farms in the vicinity of Ports-
mouth, particularly, under the encouragement
afforded by a good market, have been render^-
ed fertile and highly productive.

Rivers, Beaver River^ sometimes called
Beaver Brook, has its principal source in
Beaver Pond in Derry. It flows south through
Windham and Pelhara, and empties into the
Merrimack in Dracut, Massachusetts. This
river is bordered by valuable tracts of meadow
land during a considerable part of its course.

Exeter River was called by the Indians
Squamscot River, and it is sometimes now
known by that n^me. Its principal source
flows from a pond in Sandown. Its course is
generally circuitous, and it affords extensive
and valuable water power. Numerous mills
and factories have been erected upon its banks,

Particularly in Brentwood, Exeter, and New-
farket. It empties into Great Bay, which
discharges its waters into the Pascataqua.

cultiTation of the land in Rockinsfaam coon^ 7 Wbat it
said of the famm in the Yiciajty of Portsmouth f

Peecribe the origin and couree of Beaver River. What
laad has this river upcAi its banks 7

What was the Indian name of Exeter River 7 Where is
its head source 7 What is its course, and where does it
empty ? In what towns on its banks have mills and factories
been erected to considend>le extent 7

154 GENERAL VIEW OF

Hampton River flows south-east into the
ocean, and forms the boundary between
Hampton and Hampton-Falls.

Lamprey River is one of the largest streams
in tlie county. It rises on the west of Saddle-
back Mountain, and pursues a circuitous though
generally eastern course, till it empties into
Great Bay in New-Market. Lamprey River
with its numerous tributaries, waters the nortli
part of the county of Rockingham.

IMtle River. There are three streams
known by the name of Little River in this
county ; one has its course wholly in North-
Hampton, and empties into the ocean ; one
rises in Brentwood, and flowing near the prin-
cipal village in Exeter, empties into Exeter
River just above the falls in that town ; and
another rises in Strafford County, and flowing
through Nottingham empties into Lamprey
River in Lee.

JVorth River has its head sources in North-
wood and Nottingham, and flowing south-east-
erly empties into Lamprey River iox Epping.

Where is Hampton RtTer 7

What is said of the ori^ and course of Lamprey River T
What part of the county is watered by Lamprey River and
its tributaries f

How many streams in this county are called <' Little Ri-
ver T" Describe them.

What is the origin of North River, and wkere does it
empty?

ROCKINGHAM COUNTY^ 155

Pascataqua River separates Rockingham
county from the state of Maine, and is by far
the largest river in the county. It has a very
deep and rapid current, and discharges into the
ocean the waters of Salmon Fall, Cocheco,
Lamprey, and Exeter Rivers, It has at its
mouth several islands, and forms at Portsmouth
one of the best harbours in the United States.

Patuckaway River is a small stream, which
rises in Nottingham^ and empties into Lam-
prey River in Epping.

Piscasset River rises in New-Market, and
flowing north empties into Lamprey River in
Durham, Strafford county*

Powow River has its principal sources in
Great and Country Ponds in Kingston. It
flows into Massachusetts, and empties into Mer-
rimack River between Amesbury and Salisbury.

Spicket River rises in Hampstead and Derry,
and flows into the Merrimack between Dracut
and Methuen, in Massachusetts.

Winnicut River rises in a swamp in North-
Hampton, and flowing north empties into Great
Bay in Greenland.

Where is Pascataqna River, and what is its size 7 What
tiTers are united to form Pascataqna River T Where does it
empty, and what is 8aid/)f its mouth ?

Where is Patuckaway River ?

Where is Piscasset River T

Where is the source of Powow River T Where does it
empty"!

Where does Spicket River lise, and where does it empty?

Where is Winnicut River t

156 GENERAL TIEW OF

Lakes and Ponds. Great Bay^ lying be-'
tween Newington, Greenland, New-Market,
and Durham, is the largest collection of water
in the county. It receives the waters of se-
veral large rivers, and discharges them at its
north end into Pascataqua River. Massabesie
Lake in Chester, is the next largest body of
water in the county. Besides these there are
several Ponds of considerable magnitude.
Pleasant and Suncook Ponds in Northwood,
Island Pond in Hampstead and Derry, and
Great and Country Ponds in Kingston, are
among tlie largest in the county.

Mountains. There are no considerable
mountains in Rockingham County, compared
with those of other counties in the state.
Saddlebag Mountuin^ between Northwood
and Deerfield, is the highest elevation in the
county, and constitutes the summit of a ridge
called the Blue Hills.

History. The first settlement made by
white people in this county was at Portsmouth

How Ib Great Bay situated, and what is its size f Wher»
is its outlet T

What is the next largest collection of water in die county 7
Where is it situated 7 What are some of the largest ponds
in the county ?

What is said of the mountains of Rockingham county, com-
pared with those of other counties in the statt ? What is
the highest mountain in the county ? Where is it ?

Where was the first settlement by white people in thia

ROCKINGHAM COUNTY, 167

in the year 1623. Next and soon after fol-
lowed the settlements of Exeter and Hampton.
Portsmouth was indeed one of the first settle-
ments made in the state, and was taken posses-
sion of by white people only three years after
the landing of the pilgrims at Plymouth in Mas-
sachusetts. For nearly 1 50 years, all the courts
were held at Portsmouth. Afterwards and
until the year 1823, the courts were held alter-
nately at Concord and Exeter. In 1823,
Concord and ten other towns, which had before
belonged to Rockingham, were separated fiom
it to form the new county of Merrimack.
Since that time, the courts have been held
alternately at Exeter and Portsmouth.

county ? What other settlementa were soon made ? How
soon after the landing of the pilgrims at Plymouth, was Ports-
mouth taken possession of by white people ? How long
were the courts held here ? Where were they afterwards
held ? When were some of the original towns of Rocking-
ham county set oft to form the county of Merrimack t
Where arc the County Courts now held f

REVIEW OF THE COUNTY.

Draw the north line of Rockingham county 7 Draw the
eastern boundary. The southern. The western. How is
the county bounded T .... „,i.

Draw Great Bay. What towns lie in its vicmity ? Where
arc the Isles of Shoals? Draw them. Where are Massabe-

158 REVIEW OF THE COUNTY,

•ic Lakes 7 Dncw them. What oilier large coUectiom of
water are there in the county 1 Draw them.

Draw Lamprey Rirer and its branches. What falls, mills,
and factories, do you recollect on this rirer ?

[Remark, If the pupil does not readily recollect the falb,
&c. of a stream, let nim refer to the accounts of the several
towns in his geograj^y through which the stream passes.]

I>raw Exeter River. What falls, mills, and fkctories, are
there on this river 1. Draw Powow and Spicket Rivers.
Draw Beaver River. Which way does it flow ?

What is tiie highest mountain in Rockingham Coun^t
In what towns is it situated ? Mark its place on your drawing
of the cosnty. Are the hiUs and mountains of this county
hish compared with those of other counties in the state 1

What are the shire towns of the, county ? Mark their
places. Which way is Exeter from Portsmouth t Which is
the largest town in population in the counter 1 ' In what part
of the coun^ is Worthwoodt Which way is it from Ports-
mouth ? Where is Chester 1 Which way is that from Exe-
ter 1 What do you recollect of the importance of Chester 7
What towns in the county hacve academies i Mark their

E laces. By whom was the cultivation of potatoes introduced
ito Kew-Enelandl For what have the inhabitants of Derry
and Londonderry been particularlv distinguished 1 What
natural curiosities are there on the eastern coast of this
county 7 What town is celebrated for boat-building ? Mark
its place. Which is the oldest academy in the county 7 By
whom was this academy founded? In what part of the
coun^^ is Deerfield 7 Mark its place. How did it derive its
name? What natural caverns do you recollect in this county 7
Mark the towns in which they are found. In what part of the
county is Poplin 7 Mark its place. What town was first
settled in the county? What towns were settled next?
What towns have suffered from Hie attacks of Indians 7 In
what part of the county is Londonderry ? Which way i« it
from Exeter 7 From Kingston 7 From Northwood 7

159

PARTICULAR VIEW OF

STRAFFORD COUNTY.

Alton is a large and important agricultural
town. Its surface is generaUy rough and hard
to cultivate, but it affi)rds good grazing lands.
The principal elevation is called Mount Major.
Prospect Hill is a high swell of land, from
which in a clear day the ocean is distinctly
visible. Merrymeeting Bay extends south in-
to this town nearly to its centre, where it re-
ceives the waters of Merrymeeting Pond in
New-Durham, through a river of the same
name.

Bamstead is not mountainous, but has large
swells of land ; the soil is easy of cultivation,and

productive. The most remarkable natural

• ■ . - I — t I ■

Draw Alton. Qow is it bounded? What rirer passes
through the town ? Draw it Where does it empty ? What
is the size of the town, and what is its surface 7 What is
the principal elevation of land called ? What is seen from
Prospect Hill ? What bay extends into the north part of this,
town ? What is its population T

Draw Bamstead. How is it bounded ? What streams
pass through the town 7 Draw them. What is the surface
of the township 7 What is said of the soil 7 What is men-
tioned as a remaikable feature in this town 7 What is the
population 7

160 PARTICULAR VIEW OF

feature of this town is the numerous ponds, se«
veral of which are large.

Barrington was formerly a very large town-
ship. It embraced besides the present town,
the township of Strafford. Barrington has its
surface somewhat broken, and is remarkable
for the number of its ponds, having no less than
thirteen of considerable^ size. The streams
issuing from the ponds afford excellent mill-
seats. On Isinglass River there is a perpen-
dicular fall of thirty feet, with sufficient water
for an extensive factory. Bog iron ore is
found here in considerable quantities, and was
formerly wrought to some extent. There is
in Barrington a remarkable cavern in a rock,
commonly called the DeviPs Den. The en-
trance is on the side of a hill, and for the first
ten feet is barely large enough to admit a man
of a middling size ; then opens a chamber, six-
ty feet in length, from ten to fifteen in height,
and from three to eight in width. Fissures in
the rock extend beyond this chamber, but they
are not of sufficient width to admit a person to
explore them.

Draw Barrington. How is it bounded? What streams
paas through the town? Draw them. What township did
Barrington formerly embrace ? What is the surface of the
township, and for what is it remarkable ? What do the
streams aiford? What is said of Isinglass River t What
ore is found in the place ? W^at remarkable cavern is there
in this town ? Describe it. What is the population T

STRAFFOBD COUNTY. 161

Brookfield was originally a part of Middle-
ton, from which it is separated by a zig-zag
line running over Moose Mountain. The soil
of this township is good. On the top of Moose
Mountain is a pond covering fifteen acres,
which has always about the same quantity of
water in it.

Burton. The soil of this town is fertile,
particularly the interval lands upon the banks
of Swift River. The hills and mountains are
lofty. Chocorua Mountain is the highest, and
is visible from a great distance. It received
its name form Chocorua^Bxx Indian who was kill-
ed by a party of hunters on its summit before
the settlement of the town.

Centre-Harbour is a small township, having
on its northern border Squam Lake, in which
are islands affording excellent grazing lands.

Draw Brookfield. How is it boanded 7 Draw the streams
which pass through the town. What mountain is there in
the town 1 Mark its place. To what town did Brookfield
formerly belong ? By what are the towns separated ? What
is the soil of Brookfield ? What is said of the pond on Moose
Mountain ? What is the population of the town ?

Draw Burton. How is it bounded ? What river passes
through the town ? Draw it. What is said of the soil in this
town I What is said of the mountains in the town t Mark
their place. Which is the highest mountain in the town, and
from what did it receive its name ? What is the population 7

Draw Centre-Harbour. How is it bounded 7 VVhat is the
size of Centre-Harbour, and what is said of the islands in
Squam Lake 7 What is said of the soil in this town 7 What
is the population 7

163 PARTICUI^AR VIEW OF

The town is pleasantly siituated, and has gene-
rally a good soil.

Chatham is mountainous and rocky. Be-
tween this town and Jackson, Carter's Moun-
tain rises so high as to prevent the opening of
a direct road between them.

Conway. Swift River is here a considera-
ble and very rapid stream. Pequawkett River,
and a stream taking its rise in Walker's Pond,
sSord good mill privileges. Saco River is
here 10 or 12 rods wide ; its current is rapid,
and broken by falls. This river having its
sources in the mountains, has been known to,
rise thirtv feet in the course of 24 hours. In
such a freshet, it does great damage by de-
stroying fences and cattle, which happen to be
exposed to its fury. A spring near the centre
of the town is strongly impregnated with sul-
phur, and has been visited by the infirm and
frequently found beneficial.

l)over was called by the Indians, Wintcha-'
hanat ; by the white people, Northam ; and
afterwards, it took its present name. The

Praw Chatham. Haw is it bounded ? What mountain te-
parates the town fi-om Jackson ? What is said of its height ?
What is the population of the township ?

Draw Conway. How is it bounded ? What riyera are there
in this town ? Draw them. Describe Saco River. What is
said of the spring near the centre of the town 7 VVhat is tii«
population of the township ?

Dnm DoTer. How is it bounded ? What streams pass

STRAFFORD COUNTY. 163

township was originally very large, embracing
the present towns of Madbury, Lee, Durham,
and Soraersworth. The first white inhabitants
established themselves at Hilton's Point, now
the southern extremity of Dover. Being fish-
ermen, that was deemed a convenient place
from which to pursue their business. The
settlement at Hilton's Point was made in 1623,
the same year with that at Portsmouth, and
only three years after the landing of the pil-
grims at Plymouth, Massachusetts. The
inhabitants of Dover were for many years ex-
posed to the attacks of tlie Indians, and sufifered
frequent and severe losses both of property
and of lives from their savage incursions. In
their turn, they often carried destruction among
the neighbouring Indians. Major Waldron,
who lived in Dover, and was much distinguish-
ed for his success in Indian warfare, by his
influence with the Indians once induced a
body of about 400 of them, who were friendly
to him, to join with several companies of white

through the town T Draw them. What was the Indian name
ffiyen to this town 7 What was it first called by white people ?
What towns did Dover formerly embrace ? Where was the
first settlement made by the white inhabitants ? Why was
this place chosen 7 In what year was this settlement made ?
How long afler the landing of the pilgrims at Plymouth,
Mass. 7 To what were the first inhabitants exposed T How
did they treat the Indians 7 For what was Major Waldron
distinguished 7 What stratagem did he plan to take some

164 PARTICULAR VIEW OF

people in a sham-figfat for their mutual amuse-
ment. In the course of the manoevres the
white people contrived to surround the Indians,
and before they were apprised of the design
took them all prisoners. The Indians were
immediately disarmed^and two hundred of them
dismissed without injury. The remaining two
hundred, who had been guilty of some atroci-
ties and were supposed to be particularly hostile
to the white people, were sent to Boston, where
seven or eight were hanged and the remainder
sold for slaves. The Indians regarded this
transaction as a breach of hospitality and friend-
ship, which was never to be forgotten or for-
given by them. In pursuance of their steady
purpose of revenge, tliirteen years afterwards,
in a time of peace and when they were not at
all suspected of hostility, they laid a stratagem
to kill Major Waldron and as many of the in-
habitants of Dover as they could. The white
people who were exposed to attacks of the
Indians, in those days generally slept in fortified
houses, which were made fast at night, so that
no one could come in without permission.
Knowing this, the Indians sent some of their
squaws to ask permission of the white people

Indians ? What was done with those taken 1 How was this
affair viewed by the Indians t Did tiiey afterwards seek re-
venge 7 Relate the circamstances of this stratagem. What

STBAFFORD COUNTT. 165

to sleep in their houses for one night. Their
request was granted without a suspicion of
their design. In the night, the squaws who
had thus placed themselves in the several for-
tified houses, unfastened the doors and gates,
and at a given signal in rushed great bodies of
Indians, who had concealed themselves about
the town for the purpose. Twenty-three
people were murdered in this treacherous as-
sault, and twenty-nine were taken into captiv-
ity. Major Waldron, the particular object of
the attack, was then about eighty years old.
Although he defended himself with his usual
bravery, and once repelled the savages from
his apartment, he was overpowered by num-
bers, and literally cut to pieces in his own
house. Though the dimensions of Dover have
been much reduced by the separation of the
four neighbouring towns Irom its original terri-
tory, it is still respectable in size, and one of
the most populous and flourishing towns in the
county. It is a half shire town of the county,
and contains a court-house, jail, two banks, a
printing-office from which is published a weekly
newspaper, and a respectable academy. The
principal village is situated around Cocheco
Falls, on the river of the same name. The

is the present sixe of Dover? What public buildings does
Dover contain? How is the principal village situated f

166 PABTICULAR VIEW OF

falls are situated twelve miles from the ocean
and at the head of navigation. The waters of
Cocheco River make a sudden descent of
thirty-two and a half feet over the falld, thus
alQfording one of the most convenient and ex-
tensive water powers in New-England. A large
building containing a rolling and slitting mill, a
nail factory, and a machine shop, has been
erected near the falls, at which 1000 tons^of
iron are annually rolled and slit, and 700 tons
manufactured into nails. Very extensive fac-
tories have also been erected here for the
manufacture of cotton cloth. Though some-
what depressed during the general stagnation
of manufacturing business throughout the coun-
try, these establishments are now m a flourish-
ing condition, and will constitute Dover one of
the most important manufacturing towns in
New-England.

Durham formerly constituted a part of the
ancient town of Dover, and was called Oyster
River from the name of the stream, which
passes through it. It was a famous place of

VHiere are Cocheoo Falls aitoated 7 What ia aaid of tlie
water-power of theae falls? What mills and factories are
there m (^ration on the falls ? What quantity of iron ore
is annually manufactured here ? What is the condition of
the cotton factories here 7 What is its population 7

Draw Durham. How is it bounded ? what streams pass
through the place 7 Draw them. To what town did Dur-
ham tormerly belong, and what name did it have 7 For what

STRAFFORD COUNTT. 167

resort for Indians, especially the point about a
mile from tlie junction of Oyster River with
the Pascalaqua. The Indians frequently at-
tacked the early inhabitants of the place, and
killed and carried into captivity at different
times many of their number. The sufferings
from Indian atrocities here were not surpassed
by those at any other place in this region.
The town is now in a flourishing condition, and
has become an important place of business.
The Oyster River, which has almost its whole
course in Durham, aflbrds several excellent
water privileges. The tide flows up to the
falls near the meeting-house in the principal
village, which has rendered this a convenient
place to collect for exportation the various ar-
ticles of lumber from the surrounding country.
Lamprey River has also many falls in this
town well adapted for mill seats. The soil is
generally hard and stony ; but upon the banks
of Oyster River there is a deep loam, which
is peculiarly favourable to the production of

was the place famous, and what part was most resorted to by
the Indians ? Were tho Indians friendly to the white peo-
ple 1 Were sufferings of the white inhabitants in conse-
quence of the attacks of the Indians uncommonly severe ?
What is the present situation of the town 7 What is said of
Oyster River in this town ? What has Durham from being
the head of tide water 7 Are there any falls in Lamprey
River in this town 7 What is the soil of the township 7
What is there remarkable on the banks of Oyster River 7

168 PARTICULAB VIEW OF

grass. Hay is a considerable article of ex-
port. Many of the inhabitants of Durham
have found profitable employment in quarrying
and preparing the excellent granite which
abounds here for underpinning, steps, and mill-
stones, to supply the demand for them in the
neighbouring towns. A part of Pascataqua
Bridge leading to Newington lies within the
borders of this town.

Eaton. The land of this township is very
uneven, and the soil not very good. There
are no rivers in the town ; the streams are
small, and fed from springs. The town con-
tains a factory for making satinetts and several
mills for different purposes. Iron ore exists
in considerable quantities and of good qual-
ity.

Effingham contains several mountains of
considerable elevation. Ossipee River is a
considerable stream, and over it has been con-

What is said of the granite which is found in the town, and
for what is it used 7 \^at bridge is mentioned ? Wliat is
the population of tiie town 7

Draw Eaton. Hdw is it bounded 7 What pond lies in the
north part of the town 7 What is said of the soil 7 Are
there any rivers in the place 7 What is said of (tue streams 7
What factories and mills does the town contain 7 What ore
is found here 7 What is the population of Eaton 7

Draw Effingham. How is it bounded 7 What river passes
through the town 7 Draw iL Are there any mountains in the
place 7 Mark their place. What is said of Ossipee River ?

STRAFFORD COUNTY. 169

structed a toll bridge. Effingham Academy
is a respectable institution.

Farmingtan. From the summit of the
Blue Hills, which extend across this town from
north to south, is a very extensive prospect.
Ships may be seen off Portsmouth Harbour in
one direction, and the White Hills and Monad-
nock in others. Near the village in Farmington,
a rock supposed to weigh from 60 to 80 tons,
is so exactly poised on other rocks that it may
be moved several inches by the hand. There
are upon the banks of the Cocheco River,
small but very fertile tracts of interval land.

(jUmanton is one of the largest and most
populous inland towns in the state. Formerly
it embraced the present township of Gilford.
Th« land is very rocky and hilly, and hard to
cultivate, but productive when subdued by la-
bour. It is remarkably well watered by
numerous ponds, small streams, and rivers.

What is said of the Atademy in this place ? What is the
population ?

Draw Farmington. How is it bounded ? What river passes
through the town? Draw it. What mountains are there in
the town ? In what direction do they extend ? Mark their
place. What is said of the prospect from their summit ?
What curiosity is there near the village in Farmin^n ?
What is said of the land on the banks of Cocheoo River t
What is the population of the town ?

Draw Gilmanton. How is it bounded ? What streams
pass through the town ? Draw them. What is the size of
the township 7 What town once belonged to Gilmanton 7
What is said of the land in this town 7 ^yhat is said of the

170 PARTICULAR VIEW OF

The Winnepissiogeeonits western border has
a fall of 1 5 'feet, near which Union Bridge has
been built, connecting the town with Sanborn-
ton. Iron ore exists here, and a few years
since an unsuccessful attempt was made to
work it. Gilmanton Academy has a fund of
$6000, and a part of a township of land to aid
in its support. The institution is one of the
most respectable of the kind in the state ;
and a liberal share of public confidence and
patronage, rewards the ability with which it is
conducted.

Crilford was separated from Gilmanton.
The soil of the township is generally produc-
tive. Gunstock Mountains are considerable
elevations, and extend from Gilmanton across
the east part of Gilford, almost to the Lake.
There are two considerable islands in the
Lake belonging to Gilford, one of which has
been connected witli the main land by a
bridge. The principal village is pleasant and
flourishing, and is situated on the west border
of the town, near the falls in Winnepissiogee

fall aad bridge over Winnipisseogee River? What ore is
found ill the place ? What fund has the academj in lliis
town 7 What is its reputation and succeas ? What it the
population 1

Draw Gilford. How is it bounded ? From what town
was Gilford separated ? What is the soil ? What is the situ-
ation of Gunstock Mountains 7 What islands has Gilford
in the Lake 7 How is the principal Yillage situated I How

STRAFFORD COUNTY. 171

River. Four bridges connect the town with
Meridith on the opposite side of the River.
This village cout^ns a county court-house,
and the courts are held alternately here and at
Dover. The falls upon Winnepissiogee River
afford excellent water power, which has be^n
appropriated to a paper-mill and t® other useful
mills and machinery.

Lee was separated from Durham, which was
itself originally a part of the ancient town of
Dover. The town is remarkable for the num-
ber of its bridges. There are within its limits
three over Lamprey River, three over Little,
two over North, and six over Oyster Rivers.
The town contains a woollen factory and
several otlier mills.

Madbury is a small town both in territory
and population. It formerly belonged to Dover.
The soil of the town is generally productive,

many bridges are there leading from Gilford to Meridith?
What public buildings are ther^ in Gilford ? Whdt is said of
the water power of Winnepissiogee River in Gilford 1 What
is the population of the town ?

Draw Lee. How is it bounded ? What is the main river
wliich passes through the town 1 Draw it and its branches?
To what towns has Lee formerly belonged ? For what is
the town remarkable ? How many bridges are there ? What
factory and mills are there here f What is the population ?

Draw Madbury. How is it bounded ? Draw the streams
which pass through it. What are their names ? What is
the size of Madbury, and to what town did it formerly be-
long ? What is said of the soil of the town ? Whieit is the
population ?

/
172 PAKTICULAR VIEW OF

and the inhabitants are almost wholly engaged
in agriculture.

Meridith. The original name of this town
was New-Salem. It has become a very im-
portant inland town. For wildness and varie-
ty of scenery ,as well as for richness and fertility
of soil, the township is probably not surpassed
by any in the county. The advantages of
the water power afforded by Winnepissiogee
River are shared by Meridith with Gilford oq
the opposite side of the stream. Near to
Meridith Bridge, and connected with the
prmcipal tillage in Gilford, is a handsome and
flourishing village, which has become the seat
of considerable business. The town contains
a bank, two distilleries, and several mills and
machines for different purposes. The river
and the 'bays, which form the eastern border
of the town, serve as canals for the easy trans-
portation of all heavy articles in the summer ;
and in the winter the sleds and sleighs take to
the ice as the most convenient and level high-
way.

Draw Meridith. How is it bounded ? Where is Meii^
dith neck? What was the original name of the town?
What is said of the importance of tiie town ? For what is it
remarkable ? What is said of its water power 7 WThere-is
the seat of the principal business in the town ? What does
the town contain ? What purposes do the river and bay ob
its castorn border servo ? What is the population ?

STRAFFORD COUNTY. 173

Middleton is a small and rather level town-
ship, having no highlands except a part of Great
Moose Mountain, which lies on its northern
border and separates it from Brookfield.

Milton was formerly a part of Rochester.
It is a large township extending along Salmon
Fall River, which separates it from the state
of Mains, 13 miles. TenerifTe, a cold and
rocky mountain, lies wholly in this town. Near
the foot of it is Milton Pond, which is connect-
ed with Salmon FaU River.

Movltonborough This township is much
broken by mountains and ponds. It abounds
also with natural curiosities and relics of an-
tiquity. Red Hill lies wholly in Moultonbo-
rough, and takes its name from its appearance
at a distance. It rises nearly two thousand feet
in height, and commands one of tbe most varied,
grand, and beautiful prospects in this region.
From the slight examinations which have been
made, it is supposed that further attempts would

Draw Middleton. How is it bounded 1 What is said of
its tttrface ? What is the population 7

Draw Milton. How is it bounded ? Mark the place of
Teneriffe Mountain ? To what town'did Milton once be-
long 7 What is its size and situation ? Describe Teneriffe
Mountsun 7 VHiere is Milton Pond, and into what does it
empty 7 What is the population 7

Draw Moultonborough. How is it b<mnded 7 Where is
Moultonborougfa Neck 7 What is the surface of the town 7
Witii what does it abound 7 In what part of the town is
Red Hill 7 From what does it take its name 7 How high is
It? What oro has been found in this hill 7 What other

174 PARTICULAR VIEW OV

develop a very rich and valuable bed of iron
ore in a part of this hill. On the south part of
Ossipee Mountain, which extends into this town,
there is a spring of water strongly impregnated
with iron and sulphur. About a mile north, is
another spring of pure cold water 16 feet in di-
ameter, through the centre of which the water
containing a small portion of fine white sand is
thrown up to the height of 2 feet. The wa-
ters of this spring form a mill stream, on which
about a mile from its source there is a beauti-
ful waterfall of 70 feet perpendicular height.
Near this fall is a cave, containing charcoal
and other evidences of its having been a hiding
place for Indians. From the numerous relics
of the Indians occasionally found here, this is
supposed to have been a favorite resort for
them, before they retired from the region.
' J^eW'Durham. The surface of this town-
ship is very uneven — a portion of it is so rocky
as to be unfit for cultivation. The town
abounds with hills and ponds. Merrymeeting
Pond is 10 miles in cu-cumference. Mount

mountain extendi into this town, and what is found in it?
What is said of another spring in town ? What is said of the
stream of water formed by this spring 7 What curiosiw is
there near the stream 7 Why are the Indians supposed to
have resided in this place 7 What is the population 7

Draw New-Durham. How is it bounded 7 Draw the ponds
and streiims in it 7 What is the surface of the town 7 What
is the sise of Merrymeeting Pond 7 What are the principal

STRAFFORD COUNTY. 175

Betty, Cropple Crown, and Straw Mountains,
are the principal eminences. On the north-
east side of Straw Mountain is a cave, the
enU*ance of which is about 3 feet wide and 10
feet high. The outer room is 20 feet square,
the inner apartments grow smaller, until at the
distance of 60 feet they become mere crevi-
ces in the rocks. Near the centre of the town
is Rattlesnake Hill, one side of which is nearly
100 feet in perpendicular height.

JVew-Hampion derives its name from Hamp-
ton, where its original proprietor resided. A
bridge extends from this town over Pemige-
wasset River to Bristol. There is a remark-
able spring on Kelley's Hill in this town, from
which issues a stream suj£cient to supply seve-
ral mills. This stream is never affected by
rains or droughts. The soil of New-Hampton,
though tlie surface is broken and uneven, b
remarkably fertile. In the south part of the
town there is a conical hill, which may be
seen in almost any direction from 10 to 15
miles. The prospect from the summit is very
beautiful. The " Academical Theological In-

hills in New-Durham 7 What is .there on the north-east
side of Straw Mountain ? Describe the care. Where is
Rattle-snake Hill 7 What is the population of the town 7

Draw New-Hitfnpton. How is it bounded 7 From what
does it receive its name 7 What remarkable spring is there
in this town 7 What is the soil 7 What is there in the south
art of this town 7 What is said of the ** Academical Theo-
ogical institution'' here 7 Wliat is the population f

176 PARTICULAR VIEW OF

stitution of New Hampton," is a recent but
very flourishing seminary. .

Ossipee. Ossipee Mountain in the north-
west part of this town, is a rough and broken
range 6 or 8 miles in length, and so elevated,
that in storms from the east the winds break
over the summits and frequently cause much
damage to the farms at the base. Ossipee Lake
covers about sevep thousand acres, having no
islands, and its waters clear and beautiful.
Near the west shore of Ossipee Lake, is a
mound of earth 45 or 50 feet in diameter, of a
circular form, and about 10 feet high. From
this mound have been taken several entire
skeletons, and also tomahawks, and other re-
lics, which exhibit evidence that the tribe once
so powerful in this region, had their principal
residence here.

Rochester is a very ancient town, and for-
merly embraced the townships of Farmington
and Milton. It contains an academy, and is
still a large, populous, and important town. In
the east part oi the town next to Lebanon in
Maine, is a great natural curiosity called the

Draw Oflsipee. How is it bounded ? What rivers pass
through it 7 Draw them. What is said of Ossipee Moun-
tain ? Describe Ossipee Lake. What is there on the west
shore of the lake 7 . What has been taken from the mound 7
What is the population 7

Draw Rochester. How is it bounded 7 Draw Cocheco
River. What river empties into the Cocheco in the south
part of the town 7 What was the former size of tht town 7

STRAFFORD COUNTY. 177

Flume* Salmon Fall River is here confined
between two rocks about iwenty-five feet high,
tbe breadth at the top of the bank being not
more than three rods. The Flume is about
four rods in length, its breadth varying from
two and one half to less than one foot, but
here the water has a subterraneous passage.
In the rocks are many cavities from 1 to 7, feet
in diameter, mostly cylindrical, and from 1 to 4
feet in depth. Both Salmcm Fall and Cocbeco
Rivers affi)rd several valuable mill seats ; on
the latter stream, near -the centre of the town,
stands tbe principal village called ^^ Norway
Plains." It is a place of considerable trade,
containing a cotton factory, a trip hammer, 2
potteries, and numerous nulls. There b ano-
ther village about 2 miles south-west from this,
called " Squamanagonnick," which is die In-
dian name of the falls in the Cocbeco at that
place. Much of the soil in Rochester is good,
affi)rding many valuable farms. In the west
part of the town is a large tract of land, which
is hard and stony. It has, however, a deep
rich soil, and is very jHroductive when properly
cuhtvated. Rochester in its early history, be-
ing for many years a firontier setdement, suf-

What is its present importance t What natural curiositjr ia
there in the town 7 Describe the Flume. What is the name
ef the principal TiUace of the town, and how is it situated 7
What is said of its business 7 What other village is there
in town 7 What is the soil of the town 7 What sufferings
had the early inhabitants 7 What ia the population 7

178 PARTICULAB VIEW OF

fered much from the Indians, and its progress
was slow. The early inhabitants were fre-
quently obliged to go to their fields armed for
defence.

Sanbomton. The Winnepissiogee, over
which have beeti constructed eight bridges,
affords several excellent sites for mills and fac-
tories. Though the surface of the town is
generally uneven, there are no considerable
mountains except Salmon Brook Mountain, in
the north part of the town. The soil t)f the
township is generally very good. Though the
population of the town was somewhat reduced
by the organization of the new town of Frank-
lin, yet Sanbomton remains a very large, flou-
rishing, and populous town. It has several
parishes and two academies. There is in this
town a gulf, which may be regarded as a great
natural curiosity. It extends nearly a mile in
length through very hard and rocky ground.
It is 38 feet deep ; and the sides are from 80
to 100 feet asunder, and so nearly correspond
to each other as to give rise to the conjecture
that they were once united. There is also a
cavern, which may be entered, in the declivity
of a hill, extending nearly 20 feet in a hori-

Draw Sanbortoo. How is it bounded 7 What is said of
Winnepissiogee River in Sanbornton ? What is the surface
of the town 7 What is said of its size and population 7 What
public seminaries are there here 7 Describe the gulf.

STRAFFORD COUNTY. 179

zontal direction. On the Winnepissiogee, at
the head of Little Bay, are the remains of an
ancient fortification. Within the fort have been
found great numbers of Indian relics.

Sandioich is a very large and populous town.
It contains an oil mill, several saw and grain
mills, and other useful machinery. The moun-
tains are the distinguishing feature of this town-
ship. Squam Mountain extends into the town,
and is of oonslderable height, even for this
mountainous region. The Sandwich mountains
are a lofty range, extending into Burton and
terminating in Chocorua Peak. There are
other considerable elevatious in the town.

Somersworth. From Otis Hill, which is the
highest land in town, may be seen the White
Mountains on one hand, and on the other the
steeples of churches in Portsmouth and the
masts of ships in the harbour. The tide flows
up the river on the east side of the town to
Quamphegan Falls, and the water is of suffi-
cient depth for vessels of 250 tons to within a

What remains of the Indians are there on the bank of Great
Bay ? What is the population ?

Draw Sandwich. How is it bounded 7 What river rises
in this town 7 Draw it. In what part of the town is Squam
Lake 7 What is the size of the town 7 What mills are there
in the town 7 What is the distinguishing feature of the
township 7 What mountains are there in the town 7 What
is the population 7

Draw Somersworth. How is it bounded 7 What re-,
markable prospect is there in the town t How high does

180 PARTICULAR VIEW OF

mile of the falls. Iron ore has been found n
tliis town, and also red and yellow ochre which
form durable paints for houses. There are
three bridges over Salmon Fall River, con-
necthig Somersworih with Berwick in Maine.
One is at Quamphegan Falls, one at Salmon
Falls, and one at Great Falls. On Salmon
Falls there are very extensive factories for the
manufacture of woollen cloth. Here are also
grist and saw mills, and an oil mill ; the town
contains a nail factory. Somersworth was ori-
ginally a part of Dover, and partook with that
place of all the hardships of a frontier settle-
ment. Many of its inhabitants were killed by
the Indians at different times, and much pro-
perty was destroyed by them.

Strafford once formed a part of Barrington,
from which it was separated in 1820. It is
now a larger town than Barrington. The soil
of the township is generally of a good quality.
The range of mountains called the Blue Hills,
extend through the west part of the town.

the tide flow up the 'river 7 What ore has been found in
town 7 What bridges are there over Salmon Falls River 7
What mills and factories are there at Sahnon Falls t To
what town did Somersworth originally belong 7 What
suffering had its first inhabitants to endure 7 What is the
population ?

Draw Strafford. How is it bounded ? Draw the streams
of the town. To what town did it formerly belong 7 What
are the size and soil of Strafford 7 What mountains are there
here ? What is the population 7 .

STRAFFORD COUNTY. 181

Tamtfforf A is about equally distant from Con-
cord and Portland in Maine. It is a wild and
mountainous township, though it has no consi-
derable mountain lying wholly within its bor-
ders. It is remarkably well watered by several
rivers and small streams^ on which are nume-
rous falls, affording excellent water power for
mills to almost any extent.

Tufionhorough. The soil of Tuftonborough
is but indifferently good. The town is most
remarkable for the beautiful views of the lake
aflS}rded from its high lands in almost every
part of it.

Wakefield, There are in this town two cot-
ton factories, besides other mills and machinery.
Lovewell's Pond, a considerable collection of
water in the south part of Wakefield, takes its
name from Captain John LoveweD, who once
destroyed a party of Indians encamped on its
border. Captain Lovewell, with a company

of forty men, were in search of Indians who

I II 111. 1 1 ■ ■ 11 .1. ,1

Draw Tamwortb. How is it bounded 7 Draw the rivers
wbich pass through the town ? How is Tamwortb situated
from Concord and Portland ? What is its surface 7 What
is said of its streams 7 What is the population 7

Draw Tuftonborough. How is it bounded 7 What is the
soil of the town 7 For what is the town most remai^able 7
What is the population 7

Draw Wakefield 7 How is it bounded 7 Draw the ponds
and streams. What mills and factories are there here 1
Where is LovewelPs Pond, and how did it derive its name 7
Describe the circumstances of Capt. LovewelPs attack upon

182 PARTICULAR VIEW OF

were then hostile, and supposed to be medi-
tating an attack upon the frontier settlements.
Just at sunset they discovered a smoke, by
which they inferred the Indians had built their
fire and encamped for the night. Capt. Love-
well and his party concealed themselves till
after midnight, and then cautiously drew near
to the enemy. They discovered ten Indians
asleep around their fire, by the side of a frozen
pond. Captain Lovewell ordered five of his
men to fire upon the enemy at the signal he
himself should give by discharging his own
musket, and the remainder of the party to re-
serve their fire. Seven Indians were killed at
the first fire ; the remaining three started from
their sleep, and two of them were shot dead
upon the spot. The other was only wounded,
and attempted to escape by crossing the pond.
He was seized by a dog, and held fast till his
enemies overtook and killed him. Captain
Lovewell and his company, with the ten scalps
stretched on hoops and elevated on poles,
entered Dover in triumph, and proceeded to
Boston, where they received the bounty of one
hundred pounds for each out of the public
treasury. Thus the cruelties of the Indians

N
^^^■^—^-^^■^^i-^^^-^^^-^— -^i^* ^M^i^M Ml I ■ ammm I I ■ ■ ■■■■■■■ ill.

the Indians here ? What reward did Capt LoveweU and his
company receive for their exploit ? What is the population
of Wakefield?

STRAFFORD COUNTY. 183

were sometimes repaid in kind by cruelties
hardly less savage than their own.

Wolfeborough. The soil of this township is
rocky, but productive, and the surface is level.
Smith's Pond is a considerable collection of
water, and there are several others in the town,
called Crooked, Rust's, Barton's, and Sargent's
Ponds. Wolfeborough contains a flourishing
academy, which has funds to the amount of
1^5000 for its support. A bridge 60 feet in
length, has been built over Smith's River near
its entrance into the lake. Near to this bridge
is a flourishing village. There is in the town
a mineral spring, the waters of which are very
similar to those of Saratoga in New-York.

Draw Wolfeborough. How is it bounded ? In wbat part
of the town is Smithes Pond 1 Draw it with its outlet. What
is said of the academy here ? In what part of the town is
the principal village f What is said of a mineral spring here ?
What is the population ?

184

GENERAL VIEW OF

STRAFFORD COUNTY

Toitms. Strafford C!ounty contains thirty-
three incorporated towns. The shire towns are
Dover and Gilford, the courts being holden
sometimes in one and sometimes in the other.
It may be remarked of the towns of this county
generally, that there are an uncommon num*
ber of them very large and populous for inte-
rior and agricultural towns-

Inhabitants, The whole population of Straf-
ford County is fifty-eight thousand nine hundred
and sixteen, and exceeds that of any other
county in the state. The people are generally
employed in agriculture ; a few are engaged
in conunerce and the fisheries ; and a consi-
derable number in manufactures. The num-
ber of those engaged in manufactures has much
increased within a few years.

»'»»»™^— ^*>^'™^— ^^i^'~-»— »—» P^»-l|» I . 1 l»— — — iM^^II 111! 1 — «^^»^

How many towns are there in Strafford County 7 What
are the shire towns of the county 7 Wliat is said of the size
of the towns 7 What is the whole population of the coun^ ?
How are the people generally employed 7

STRAFFORD COUNTY. 185

Rivers. Bear Camp River has its sources
in Squam Mountain and in the south sides of
Sandwich and Burton Mountains. The rivu-
lets are rapid, and have numerous falls. The
chief branches unite in Ossipee, and the stream
empties into Ossipee Lake.

Bellamy Bank River rises in Harrington,
and passing through Madbury empties into a
creek communicating with the Pascataqua at
Dover, where it is generally called Back River.

Cocheco River is a rapid and very important
stream. It has its sources in New-Durham.
Passing through Farmington, it affords to the
inhabitants water-power for several useful mills.
It passes diagonally through Rochester, and has
there several falls, which have been improved
for cotton factories, trip-hammers, and other
machinery. But the most important falls on
the Cocheco are in Dover. Cocheco Falls
are thirty-two and a half feet high, and afford
almost unlimited power for factories or any
kind of machinery. The river empties into the
Pascataqua, and is navigable to the foot of these
falls, which are 12 miles from Portsmouth.

Where are the sources of Bear Camp River ? Where do
the chief branches unite, and where does die stream empty ?

Describe Bellamy Bank River.

Where does Cocheco River rise 7 Throush what towns-
does it pass ? Where are Cocheco Falls, ana how high are
they ? Where does the river empty, and how far is it navi-
gable t

186 GfiNEEAL VIEW OF

Isinglass River issues from Bow Pond in
Strafford. It receives the waters of numerous
other ponds, and in Barrington has a perpendi-
cular fall of 30 feet. It empties into the Co-
checo in t)\e south corner of Rochester.

iMmpreu River rises in Rockingham County,
where it is particularly described. It has a
short course m Strafford County before it emp-
ties into Great Bay. In Lee and Durham it
has falls, which have been generally appropri-
ated to mills and factories. Its current meets
the tide two miles from its mouth.

Merrymeeting River rises in a pond of the
same nanae in New-Durham, and by a very
circuitous course runs into Merrymeeting Bay,
a long arm of Lake Winnepissiogee, extending
more than five miles into the town of Alton.

Ossipee River forms the outlet of the lake
of the same name. It has but a short course,
chiefly in Effingham, in New-Hampshire, be-
fore it flows into Maine, and there unites with
Saco River.

Oyster River rises in Wheelwright's Pond

Where does Isinglass River rise? What falls has it?
Where does it empty ?

Where does Lamprey River rise, and where does it epapty ?
What falls are there upon this river ? Where does it meet
the tide 7

Describe Merrymeeting River.

What is said of Ossipee River ?

Where does Oyster River rise, and where does it empty ?

STRAFFORD COUNTT. 187

in Lee, and has but a short course, almost
wholly in Durham, before it empties into the
Pascataqua. There are important falls in the
river near the centre of Durham, which are
the head of tide water. The falls have been
improved for various purposes. The river is
supposed to have taken its name from the cir-
cumstance of there having been found at its
mouth a fine bank of oysters.

Pascataqua River is the largest stream in
the county. It receives the waters of all the
other prmcipal rivers in the eastern part of the
state, and conveys them to the ocean. This
stream is navigable through its whole course in
this county.

Pemigewasset River is the main branch of
the Merrimack. It forms the western boundary
of StraiSbrd County for a short distance, and
passes over several important falls in its course.
Among these, the most considerable are Bridge-
water Falls, betweenNew-Hampton and Bristol.

Pine River rises in a pond in Wakefield, and
flows north through Ossipee and Effingham
into Ossipee Lake.

What falls are there on the river t How is the river sup-
posed to have obtained its name t

What is said of Pascataoua River ?

Describe Pemigewasset River in this countv. Where are
the most considerable falls on this river 1 Where is Pine
River ?

188 GENERAL VIEW OF

Saco River has but a short course in Straf-
ford County, and that wholly in the town of
Conway. It is a very rapid stream, and is sub-
ject to sudden rises ; it sometimes does great
damage to the crops on its banks, and even
endangers the lives of ajiimals.

Salmon Fall River is the principal source of
the Pascataqua. It rises in East Pond, between
Wakefield and Newfield in Maine, and flowing
south forms the boundary between New-Hamp-
shire and Maine. It receives several smaller
streams, and passes over several falls, which
have been extensively appropriated to manu-
facturing purposes. In Somersworth there are
three important falls in this river ; after passing
over the last of these, the river takes the name
of the Pascataqua.

Suncook River rises in a pond between Gil-
manton and Gilford, near the summit of a
mountain elevated 900 feet above its base.
Descending this mountain, the' stream passes
through several other ponds and over numerous
falls, affording excellent sites for various mills
during its whole course in this county. It

What is said of Saco River in this cou»ty ?

Where does Salmon Fall River rise 7 What is its course ?
What name does this river take ajfler passing the falls in
Somersworth 1 Where does Suncook River rise 1 What
is its course, where does it leave the county, and where does
it empty ?

Slraf

STRAFFORD COUNTY. 189

leaves this county in Barnstead, and enapties
into the Merrimack between Allenstown and
Pembroke.

Sv^yi River rises in the mountainous region
in the east part of Grafton County, which is
yet unincorporated and uninhabited. It flows
eastwardly with a rapid current and a pretty
straight course, till it empties into Saco River
in Conway.

Winnepissiogee River is the great outlet of
the lake of that name, and one of the chief
branches of the Merrimack. This copious
stream has a short but a very rapid course till
it joins the Pemigewasset just below Webster's
Falls in Franklin, Merrimack County. The
total descent of the stream, from the lake to its
junction with the Pemigewasset, is 232 feet.
AH the towns through which it passes have
water power of almost unlimited extent.

Lakes and Ponds. Ossipee Lake is of a
regular oval form, and covers about 7000 acres.
It receives several considerable sti*earas, and
its outlet forms an important branch of Saco
River.

Describe Swill River.

From what does Winnepissiogee River flow ? Where
does it join the Pemigewasset 1 What is the whole descent
of this stream ?

Describe Osaipee Lake.

IdO GENERAL TIEW OF

Squam Lake lies partly in Grafton County,
but chiefly in Strafibrd. Its shape is irregular.
It has numerous bays extending into the sur-
rounding shores, and many points of land pro-
ject into it. The islands embraced within its
borders have a romantic appearance, and add
greatly to its beauty. The whole lake is esti-
mated to contain between 6000 and 7000 acres.

Winnepissiogee Lake lies wholly in Strafford
County, and is much the largest collection of
water in New-Hampshire. Its length, extend-
ing north-west and soutli-east, is about twenty-
two miles ; its breadt)i varies from one to ten
miles. Winnepissiogee Lake is surrounded by
mountains, from which flow down into its bo-
som numerous small but rapid streams. Its
waters are discharged through Winnepissiogee
River, which has a very rapid descent tiU it
meets the Pemigewasset. The lake abounds
with different kinds of fish, and is variegated
with a great many islands, both small and large.
The largest are sufiicienily spacious for farms :
one contains 500 acres. This lake in the sum-
mer season is becoming a favourite resort of
those fond of natural scenery. For the extent

Where does Squam Lake liet V^at is its shape, up-
pearance; and extent?

What is the size and shape of Winnepissiogee Lake ?
What surrounds the lake ? What forms its outlet ? What
is said of the islands in the lake 7 What constitutes the

STRAFFORD COUNTT. 191

of its surface, the number and beauty of its
islands, and the wildness and variety of the
surrounding scenery, perhaps no place in the
United States holds out stronger inducements
to the visiter. In the winter season, the Lake
is frozen over generally two months, and then
is used as a great highway for the passage of
sleighs and sleds in every direction.

Besides the lakes above described, and Great
Bay, which Kes adjoining the southern extre-
mity, and is described in Rockingham County,
there are innumerable ponds of various sizes
scattered over the whole face of the country.
Among these, Walker^s, Smith% Province,
and LomwelPs Ponds, are the largest and most
important.

No county in the state is better watered than
Strafford County. Its streams are generally
small but rapid, having but a short course from
the mountains to the larger rivers without the
county, or the sea.

Mountaim. The surface of Strafford County
is generally broken and uneven. The hills and
mountains are elevated, and very numerous,
though none of them can be called high, com-

1>eauty of the lake ? How long is the lake frozen over in the

winter ? For what is it nsed ?
What other collections of water are there in the county 7
What is said of the streams generally in Strafford County 7

What is the surface of the county generally ?
What are some of the most important mountains 7

192 GCNKRAL iriEiie, 8z;c«

pared with the mountains in Coos County.
The Blue HiDs, Red Hill, Teneriffe, Gunstock,
Great Moose, Ossipee, Effingham, Pequawket,
and Sandwich Mountains, are the most impor-
tant,, and have been particularly noticed in the
several towns in which they lie.

History, The first settlement made in this
county was at Dover, in 1623, or above 200
years ago, being only three years after the
landing of the pilgrims at Plymouth. This may
be said to be the first permanent settlement
made in the state. The one at Portsmouth,
which was commenced the same year, was
soon afterwards abandoned. Strafibrd County
is now the largest in population in the state.
It was incorporated in the year 1771, and
named in honour of William Wentworth, the
Earl of Strafibrd.

When and where was the first setflement in the county
made ? Was tiiere any permanent settlement in the state
before that at Dover ?

What is said of the size of Strafford County, and when was
it incorporated ? From whom did the county take its name ?

193

REVIEW OF THE COUNTY.

Draw the north line of Strafford County from Sandwich to
Chatham. Draw the east line. Draw the south line, from
Pascataqua River to Winnepissiogee BiTer. Draw the west
line.

How is the county bounded 7

Draw Winnepissiogee Lake. Draw Ossipee Lake. Draw
Squam Lake. What do you recollect of the size of Win-
nepissiogee Lake ? What are some of the towns which lie
upon the borders of this Lake ?

Draw Saco River and its branches. What do you recollect
of the character of this stream 7 What falls, mills, and facto-
ries are there upon it 7

IRemark. If the pupil does not readily recollect the falls,
&c. on a stream in nis review, let him refer to the accounts
of the several towns in his geography through which the
stream passes.]

Draw £ear Camp River and its branches. Draw Pine
River.

Where is Salmon Fall River 7 What falls, mills, and facto-
ries do you recollect upon that stream 7

Draw Cocheco River, and its branches. Which branch is
called Isinglass River 7 What falls, mills, and factories do
you recollect on this stream 7

Draw Bellamy Bank and Oyster Rivers. Draw Lamprey
River in this county. What mills and factories are there
upon this stream in Strafford County 7

Draw the sources of Suncook River.

Where is Ossipee Mountain 7 Mark the place of Moose
Mountain. In what town is Teneriffe Mountain 7 Mark its
place. Mark the place of the Blue Hills. In what towns do
they lie 7 Where is Gunstock Mountain 7 Where is
Sandwich Mountain 7 In what town is Red Mountain?

Mark its place. „ , ^ . « **^ i. ^i

What are the shire towns of Strafford County 7 Mark the
place of Dover. In what direction is Gilford from Dover 7
In what part of the county is Sanbomton 7 Which way is

194 REVIEW OP THE COUNTY.

it from Gilford ? In what direction is New-Hampton from
Sanbomton 1 What literanr institution do you recollect at
ISew-Hampton ? In what direction is Gilmanton from Gil-
ford ? What literary institution do you recollect at Gilman-
ton? In what direction is Dover from Gilmanton? In
what part of the county is Chatham? Where is Wakefield?
Wliat important event in history happened at Wakefield ? In
what direction is Wakefield from Dover ? Mark the place
of Sandwich. In what direction is it from Gilford 7 Mark
the place of Bamstead. What direction is that from Dover?
What town in the county was settied first ? What event in
Indian history hs^pened at Dover ? From whom did Straf-
ford County take ita name ? When was it incorporated ?

195

PARTICULAR VIEW OF

SULLIVAN COUNTY,

Acworth, Very large and interesting speci-
mens of beryl have recently been discovered in
this town. The soil of this township is gene-
rally good, and the people are chiefly devoted
to agriculture. They have few advantages
for manufacturing, except such articles as are
needed for their own consumption. The town
is particularly distinguished for the raising of
flax. The soil seems peculiarly adapted to
the raising of this article, which is wrought by
some of the inhabitants into the finest of linen.
On Cold River, which is the only considerable
stream in the town, there are several good mill
sites.

Draw Acworth. How is it bounded ? What stream flows
through the town ? Draw it, and its branches ? What inter-
esting minerals are found here ? What are the soil and the
employment of the people ? For what is the town particu-
larly distinguished 7 What use is made of the flax ? What
is said of Cold River ? What is the population 7

196 PARTICULAB VIEW OP

Charlestovm has a strikingly beautiful situ-
ation on the east bank of the Connecticut.
The interval lands spreading out between the
principal village and the Connecticut, have
generally a deep rich soil, favourable to the
growth of most of the various kinds of grass
and grain. The uplands in the north-east
part of the town, are good ; while the land in
the south part is less fertile, and more particu-
larly adapted to the lighter grains. Charles-
town is chiefly an agricultural town, and its
ample products of butter, cheese, beef, pork,
and flour, attest the industry of the farmers.
The Connecticut is obstructed by no falls, and
is passable for boats the whole distance it forms
the boundary of the town* There are three
considerable islands in the river which belong
to this town. One of them, called Hatwell's
Island, contains about ten acres, and is highly
cultivated and very productive. The other
islands contain about six acres each, and have
also a good soil. Charlestown is divided into
two parishes. The south parish contains the
principal village, which is adorned with many

Draw Charlestown. How is it bounded ? Draw Ldttle
Sugar Riyer. How is the town situated ? What is said of
the interval lands? What of the other lands in town?
What is the chief interest of Charlestown ? What is said of
the Connecticut here ? What is said of the islands belong-
ing to Charlestown? How many parishes are there in
Charlestown ? Where is the principal village ? Where is

SULMVAN COUNTY. 197

very elegant private mansions. Cheshire
Bridge has been built over the Connecticut,
just above the mouth of Black River, which
flows into the Connecticut from Vermont.
Charlestown was formerly a half shire town of
Cheshire County, and contained the public
county buildings. It has now a bank, recently
established. For many yeaSrs after its first
settlement, Charlestown, or " Number Four,"
as it was then called, was a frontier town, hav-
ing no neighbours but Indians north of them
nearer than Canada. The Indians and French,
who then possessed Canada, were frequently
hostile to the English, and the people of
Charlestown suffered severely from their re-
peated attacks. They were obliged to go to
their work, and even to public worship, armed
with guns for their defence. Notwithstanding
their caution and valour, many were killed, and
many were taken captives and carried to
Canada. Among the latter, was the family
of Mr. James Johnson, into whose house the
Indians rushed at day-break in the morning,
and completely surprised them. The whole

Cheshire Bridge ? What distinction has the town formerly
enjoyed ? What was the ancient name of the town, and what
was the situation of the first inhabitants ? What was the dis-
position of the French and Indians towards them ? What
sufferings had they to encounter 1 Relate the capture of the
family of Mr. Johnson. What is the population 1

198 PARTICULAR VIEW OP

family were carried with incredible sufiering
through the wilderness, and sold into slavery to
the French, from whom they were afterwards
redeemed by the English, and allowed to re-
turn to their friends.

Claremont. The intervals on Connecticut
and Sugar Rivers in this town, are exceedingly
rich and luxuriant ; and the uplands afford ex-
cellent grass and grazing land. Sugar River,
and its numerous tributaries, ajSbrd extensive
water power, which has been partially occu-
pied, in addition to the ordinary grain and
saw mills, by a paper mill and a woollen fac-
tory, in which 5000 yards of cloth are made
annually. Green Mountain, situated near
Newport, is the only considerable elevation in
the town. Several valuable bridges have been
constructed over Sugar River, and two ferries
are established over the Connecticut. Hub-
bard's Island, 240 rods long and 40 rods wide,
is situated in the Connecticut, and belongs to
the town. The luxuriant appearance of the
farms, the elegance of the houses, and the

Draw Claremont. How is it bounded ? What river passes
throuch the town 7 Draw it. What is said of the interval
lands here 7 What mills and factories does the town con*
tain 7 What mountain is there in the town 7 What bridges
and ferries are there in town 7 What island in the Connec-
ticut belongs to this town 7 What is said of the business,
appearance, and importance of the town 7 What is the po-
pulation 7

SULLIVAN OOITNTT. 199

amount of the population indicate Claremont
as one of the most opulent and flourishing
agricultural towns in the state. The extensive
business transacted here, has led to the esta*
blishment of a bank.

Comuih. A bridge connects this town with
Windsor, on the opposite side of the Connecti-
cut. The township is generally hilly, except
that part lying on the bank of the river, but
the soil is fertile. Blow-me-down and Bri-
ant's Brooks, are considerable streams, and
affi)rd a few good mill privileges. The town-
ship, was first setded by people from Sutton in
Massachusetts.

Croydon. Croydon Mountain extends
across the north-west comer of this town, and
has upon it several ponds. The soil of the
township is moist and rocky, but it produces
excellent crops of grass and grain.

Ooshen is one of the smsdtest towns in the
county. It was formed firom the comers of al^
the townships which join it. From Sunapee

Draw Cornish. How is it bounded T Draw the streams
which pass throodi the town? How is Cornish connected
with Windsor ? What is the surface of the town ? What
streams afford good mUl sites here 7 Whence came the first
settlers of Cornish ? What is the population ?

Draw Croydon. How is it bounded ? Draw the streams
which pass through it. What is said of Croydon Mountfun?
What is the soil of the town T What is the Vopulation 7

Draw Goshen. How is it bounded T What river has its
source here 7 What is the sise of the town, and how was

300 PARTICULAR VIEW OF

Mountain lying partly in this town, spring many
small streams, which unite in forming Sugar
River. The soil is particularly adapted to the
growth of grass.

Chantham. Croydon Mountain extends
through the west part of this town, and is here
the highest land m the county. The land on
the west side of the mountain is considered the
best part of the township for cuhivation. The
mountain affords good pasture land. In the
north-west part of the town is a bed of paint
similar to spruce yellow, or when burned it
becomes similar to Spanish brown. On the
east side of the mountain is a spring supposed
to possess medicinal qualities, to which many
people resort in the summer season for the
benefit of their health.

Lungdon was named in honour of the late
Grovemor Langdon* The township is weU
watered ; the soil is adapted to the growth of

it formed ? What mountain lies partly in Goshen T For what
is the soil of Goshen particularly adapted 7 What is the
population 7

Draw Grantham. How is it bounded 7 Draw the stream
which passes the town 7 What is said of Croydon Moun-
tain here 7 Where is the best land for cultivation in the
town 7 What paints are found here 7 What is said of the
mineral sprins here 7 What is the population 7

Draw Lanzdon. How is it bounded 7 Draw the streams
which pass througrh it. From whom did the town take its
name 7 To what is the soil particularly adapted 7 What is
the population t

SULLIVAN CODWTT. »U1

grain, and particularly to that of flax, of which
large quantities are annually raised.

Letnpsier. The surface of this township is
generally uneven, and the eastern part is moun-
tainous. The soil is moist, and better adapted
to grass than to grain. There are clothier's
works in this town, which are among the best
in the county, and at which about eight thou*-
sand yards of cloth are dressed annually.

Newport is a place of considerable business.
It contains an incorporated academy, which
though destitute of funda is a flourishing insti-
tution. Being the shire town of the county, it
contains also the public buildings, a court-
house, and jail. The soil is of various qualities,
but in general is rich and productive, particularly
the meadow lands on the north and south
branches of Sugar River. On the eastern
branch are situated, principally near the village,
a cotton factory, four saw mills, two grain mills,
one oil mill, two clothing mills, and two tan-
neries, with each a bark mill. There are be-
sides these in the town, five saw mills, one

Draw Lempster. How is it bounded ? What is the sar&ce
of the town? What is sud of the clothier's wazks here ?
What is the population f

l^aw Newport. How is it boutided 7 Draw the streami
which pass through it. What institution does Newport con-
tain ? What other public buildings does the town contain f
What is said of the lands ? What mills and factories are
there on the east braach of Sugar River t What other miUs

202 PARTICULAB VIEW OF

gram mill, one clotbmg mill, and a trip-hammer*
The town contains several eminences, desig-
nated by Bald Mountain, Colt Mountain, East
Mountain, and Blueberry Hill.

Plainjidd. Upon a beautiful eminence in
the East or Meriden Parish, is situated Union
Academy. This is a flourishing institution^
with a fund of $40,000 for its support. The
fund was principally derived from the bequest
of Hon. Daniel Kimball. The village in the
west parish is handsomely intuated on a plain,
through which the main street passes north and
south. On the banks of Cionnecticut River are
valuable interval lands, and in other parts of
the town are excellent meadows. Hart's island,
situated in Connecticut River, belongs to this
town, and contains 18 acres of land. The
Connecticut receives Waterqueechy River from
Vermont, and passes over Waterqueechy Falls
during its course along the western border of
Plainfield.

Springfidd lies upon the height of land be-
tween the Connecticut and Merrimack Rivers,

are there in town 7 What monntaina does Newport contain ?
What is the population ?

Draw Plainfield. How is it bounded 7 Draw the streams
which pass through the town. What is said of the academy
in the east parish 7 How is the Tillage situated in the west
parish 7 What is said of the lands 7 What is the size of Hart's
Island 7 What falls are in the Connecticut opposite to this
town 7 What is the population 7

Diaw Springfield. How is it bounded t How is the town

SULLIVAN COUNTT. 203

and sends a tributary stream to each of them.
The soil is rough and stoney, but capable of
producing all the agricultural products common
to the neighbouring towns. In the east part of
the town there is a quarry, from which can be
raised stones from 20 to 30 feet in length, and
from 8 to 12 inches in thickness.

Unity derived its name from the happy ter-
mination of a dispute between certain of the
inhabitants of Hampstead and Kingston, who
claimed the same tract of land under two dif-
ferent grants. It is an uneven township, and
abounds in rocks, which are chiefly granite.
The soil is favourable for grazing, and particu-
larly so for the raising of fliax. Few towns in
the state produce more flax than Unity.

Washington is situated upon the high land
which separates the waters of Connecticut and
Merrimack Rivers. There are sixteen natural
ponds within the township, and numerous small
streams which afford good water privileges for
various mills. The town contains a cotton

situated 1 What ia said of the soil T What is said of a stone
quarry in Springfield ? What is the population 7

Draw Unity. How is it boundea ? Draw the 'streams
which pass through it ? How did the town derive its name 1
What IS said of the surface and soil T For what product is
tiie town remarkable T What is the population 7

Draw Washington. How is it bounded 7 Draw the streams
which pass through it. How is the township situated 7 How
is the town waterod 7 What mills and factories does Wash-

204 PARTICULAR VIEW, &CC.

factory, an oil mill, and a distillery. Tbe soil
is generally moist, and better adapted to the
growth of grass than of grain. There is abun-
dance of clay in the town, and peat abounds in
the low lands. Iron ore has been found in
several places. The township is generally
hilly, but not mountainous. Lovewell's Moun-
tain is situated in this town, and took its name
from an event which happened on it to Capt.
LoveweU. He was splitting wood on the side
of this eminence alone, when seven Indians
suddenly came upon him, and made him their
prisoner. He made no resistance to the In-
dians, being disarmed, but cooUy requested
them just to put their fingers in a log which he
had pardy split open, and help him finish it
before he went with them. The Indians com-
plied, when he suddenly struck out the wedge,
caught them fast in his trap, and killed them all.
WendeU. More than half of Lake Sunapee
lies within the borders of this town. Its oudet,
which forms the head source of Sugar River,

? asses across the town fi*om east to west,
l^endell is a small town, and contains but few
inhabitants.

inston contain ? To what is the soil particolarlj adwted 7
Woat is the sorface of the town ? From whom did Loye«
well's Mountain takeats name ? Relate the exploit of Capt.
LoveweU. What is the population of the town ?

Draw Wendell. How is it bounded ? Draw the shape of
Sunapee Lake. What constitutes the outlet of this lake ^
What is the size of the town T What is its populatioi ?

205

GENERAL VIEW OF

SULLIVAN COUNTY.

Totvns. Sullivan County contains fifteen
incorporated towns. The shire town is New-
port, where all the courts of the county are held.

Inhabitants. The whole population of the
cotmty is nineteen thousand six hundred and
eighty-seven, being the smallest of any county
in the state except Coos. The people are
almost exclusively engaged in agricukure, and
they are among the most successful agricul-
turists in New-England.

Rivers, Ashuelot River rises in Washington,
but has its chief source in Cheshire County,
where it is described.

Connecticut River forms the whole western
boundary of Sullivan County, and has in its
channel several islands, which are cultivated.

How many towns does Snlliran County contain ? What is
the shire town 7 What is the whole population of the coun-
tj ? How are the people employed f

Where does Ashuelot Rirer rise ?

Deseribe the Connecticut opposite to Sulliyan County.

206 GENERAL VIEW OF

Waterqueechy Falls, in Plainfield, are the
largest in the county. The river is bordered
by excellent tracts of the most productive in-
terval lands.

Cold River rises in a pond of the same
name, and afibrds many valuable mill privileges
before it leaves the county.

Little Sugar River rises in Unity, and flows
west through Charlestown into the Connecti-
cut. Several mills have been erected upon its
banks in Charlestown.

Sugar River is the largest stream in the
county except the . Connecticut. It rises in
Sunapee Lake, and flows westwardly with a
rapid course, receiving many tributary streams
in Newport and Claremont, till it empties into
the Connecticut in the latter town. The lands
upon the banks of this stream are highly pro-
ductive, and its numerous falls are surrounded
with mills and manufactories.

Lakes and Ponds. Sunapee Lake, the
greater part of which lies in this county, is nine
miles long, and about one and a half miles
wide. Tnis is by far the ^largest collection of
water in the county. The lake is on very high

Where does Cold River rise 7

What is said of Little Sugar River ?

Where does Suffar River rise, what is its course, and where
does it emptjr 7 What is said of. the lan^s upon its banks 7

What is the sise of Sunapee Lake 7 . How is the Lake
situated 7

SULLIVAN COUNTY. 207

ground, being 820 feet above Connecticut
River on the west, and Merrimack River on
the east.

Cold Pond, in.Acworth and Unity, is the
source of Cold River, and is a large collection
of water. The ponds in Washington are large
and very numerous.

The county is well watered by numerous
ponds and small streams. The hills and high-
lands, which lie along the eastern border of
the county, separate the tributary waters of the
Merrimack from those of the Connecticut.
The surface of the county generally slopes to
the west, which causes the streams to now in
that direction into the Connecticut.

Mountains. Croydon Mountainj lying in
the townships of Croydon and Grantham, is the
highest mountain in the^ county, and the only
one which properly deserves the name. This
mountain has two small ponds upon it.

ESstory. The first settlement made in this
county was at Charlestown, for many years
called Number Four. Sullivan County for-
merly constituted a part of Cheshire. It was

Where is Cold Pond 7

How is the counter watered f What is the coarse of the
atreains ^nendl^ t

What IS the pnneipal moontain in the county 7

Wheie was the first settlement in the county made T Of
whtX cooaly did Sullivan County once form a part J When

208 REVIEW or THE COUNTT,

separated from it, and incorporated as a county
in 1827. It is now the smallest county in the
state in territory, and the smallest but one in
population.

was it incorporated 7 What is its present size in territory
and population 7

REVIEW OF THE COUNTY.

Draw the north line of Snllivan Countr. The east line^
The south. Draw Connecticut River on tne west How hp
the coun^ bounded ?

Draw Sunapee Lake. How high is this lake above the
Connecticut and Merrimack Rivers ? Draw Sugar River and
its branches. What falls, mills, and factories, are there upon
this stream t

[Remark, If the pupil does not readily recollect the fallsL
6lc. of a stream, let nim refer to the accounts of the several
towns in his geography, through which the stream passes.]

Draw Cold River. What mills and factories are there on
this stream 7 Draw Little Sugar River. In what direction
do the streams of the county generally run 7

What is the highest mountain in Sullivan County ? In
what part of the county is it 7 Mark its place. What other
mountains are there in the county 7 Mark the place of Sun-
apee Mountains.

What town in the county is most remaiksble for its number
of ponds t In what part of the county is it 7

what is the shire town of the county 7 Mark its place.
In what part of the county is Charlestown 7 Which way is

REVIEW or THE COUNTY. 209

it from Newport 7 AVhat do you recollect of an attack of the
Indians upon this place 1 In what direction is Claremont
from Charlestown 7 Mark its place. In what direction is
Newport from Claremont 7 What town lies in the north-west
comer of the county 7 Which way is that from Charlestown 7
In what direction from Platnfield is Springfield 7 In what
part of the county is Springfield 7 Mark tiie place of Unity.
What towns in the coun^ contain academies 7 Mark their
places, and name them as you mark them. What town was
first settled in the county 7 To what county did this formerly
belonff 7 When was it separated and constituted a new coun-
ty 7 From whom did it take its name 7

GENERAL VIEW OF THE STATE.

Cou-u™.

T-i

is'^ieao.

P^,Mjm

Bhire Town..

K,7&3

87,016

Seene.

::<KM

5^1

Limcutiir.

HilLboTough

36,7B1

Kockingbun
Strtffora . .

DoTer, GUlbrd.

,■(.1

«;,:Hii

Sullifu. . .

18^623

Newport.

120

847,081

869,533

The Capital of New-Hampshire is Concord ;
but the principal town in wealth, populaUon,
and business, is Portsmouth. The state con-
tains a territory of about nine thousand fou-
hundred and ninety-one square miles. It ir
divided into eight counties, which are subdis
vided into two hundred and twenty incorpora-
ted towns. The townships, particularly those
situated in the southern and eastern parts of the
state, are small and of an irregular shape. In the

Whit ii ike capiul of New-HtmMhiie I What i> tbe
lurgeit town T How mu; ■qiun mU«i doea the aUU con-
Uin 7 How niiiij countiei are Ihoto 1 How muiy toinu T
What i) the ijio uid alupe oT ths Urmia 1 In wlut put oT

NBW-HAMPSHIRE. 211

northern part of the state, in Grafton and Coos
Counties, there are inimense tracts of wild and
uncultivated land, which are not yet divided
into townships. These lands have not heen
nauch explored, and are inhabited only by wild
beasts. The whole population of die state
amounts to two hundred and sixty-nine thou-
sand five hundred and thirty-three. The
moirt populous and wealthy towns are generally
those situated on the sea coast, on the Merri-
mack and on Connecticut Rivers.* The po-
pulation of the state is much dispersed, and
the towns are generally but thinly peopled. Two
towns only in the stale have more than five
thousand inhabitants, and but three others rise
above three thousand.

The people of New-Hampshire are almost
exclusively deVoted to the various branches
of agriculture. The farmers have for expor-
tation large quantities of beef, pork, butter,
cheese, wool, and lumber. Their trade is car-
ried on with Portsmouth, Portland, New-York,

and Boston, but chiefly with the latter city.

■ - ■,■■->,.. I ■ . , , , , . _

the state are there large tracts of unincorporated land?
What is the whole population of the state ? Where are the
most populous towns 7 How many towns in the state have
more than five thousand inhabitants 7 How many others
have morft than three thousand 1

How are the people generally employed ? What do the
people have for exportation f With what places is their
trade carried on T

212 GENERAL VIEW OF

Edueaiion* Free schools were early esta-
blished by law in New-Hampshire. The
founders of the colony, by that wise and pru-
dent forecast which characterised all the early
settlers of New-England, perceived the inti-
mate connexion between the universal diffiision
of knowledge, and the preservation and safety
of their civil liberties. Deeply penetrated with
the paramount importance of laying the foun-
dation of their free government in the general
intelligence of the people, the state government
adopted the principle that all the polls and
property of the inhabitants should be held
responsible for the education of all the chil-
dren — at least so far as to make them peace-
able and intelligent, and therefore good citizens.
Every township which contains any consi-
derable number of inhabitants, is divided into
school districts ; and each district has its own
school-houscj and its own teachers, employed
a portion or the whole of the year according
to the ability of the inhabitants. The average
number of school districts in each town in the
state is about eight, which brings a school-house

Are free schools established in New-Hampshire 7 What
motives had the founden of tiie colony to establish free
schools f What fundamental principle did they adopt for
their support ?

How do the towns provide for the support of their schools?
What is about the average number ef scnool districts in each

N£W-HAMPSHIR£. 213

within a convenient distance of every man's
door. To thesis schools^ supported by a tax
levied by law upon the polls and property of
all the people, all children have free access,
without any additional charge for tuition. Thus
are the means of instruction in all the common
branches of an English education, made the
rich inheritance of every child in the state.
And thus is the state, while this wise and liberal
policy is persevered in according to its original
conception and design, insured a comparatively
intelligent and virtuous populatibu. Not less
than sixty thousand children and youth, or
nearly one-fourth p^rt of the whole population
of the state, receive more or less instruction
every year in these humble but effective semi-
naries of learning*

The incorporated academies, of which there
are between thirty add forty in the state, and
which have been particularly noticed in the
several towns where they are situated, form an
important part of the meads of popular educa-
tion. These seminaries have generally been
endowed by private munificence, and some-

town 7 What pupils have access to these schools ? What
is the adyantage to the state of having schools thus support-
ed 7 How many children and routh receive instruction in
the free schools annually, and what part of the whole popula-
tion of tiie state is that number?

How many incorporated academies are there in the state 7
How hare the academies been endowed 7 What advantages

214 GENEBAL VIEW OF

times^ by grants from the state government.
They have, therefore^ some funds for the par-
tial support of a teacher, and m some instances
a libraiT and philosophical apparatus. The
funds of the academies, however, are not suffi-
cient to support the teachers wholly, and the
residue of their salary is made up by a tax
upon each scholar for a part of his tuition. The
teachers employed in these institutions are gen-
erally men who have received a public educa-
tion in some of the colleges. They instruct
in the higher branches of an English education,
and in those languages, a partial knowledge of
which is required for admission to the colleges.

The state contains but one college, one me-
dical school, and one theological seminary,
which have been severally noticed in the towns
where they are situated.

A IMerary Fund was established by the
Legislature in 1821. It arises from an annual
tax of one half of one per cent, on the capital
stock of all the incorporated banks in the state.
The fund is accumulating at the rate of over
$5000 a year, but its proceeds have not yet
been applied to any specific object.

have these institutions ? Axe the funds sufficient to support
the teachers, and how are they supported 1 How have the
teachers of the academies generally been educated 7 In
what branches do they instruct 1 What other literaiy Institu*
tions does the state contain 7

How is the literary fund raised T What is its annual in
crease 7

NEW-HAMPSHIRfi* 305

Besides these stated and permaDent means
of education, a consideraUe number of private
seminaries find ample support in different parts
of the state. These schools are projected by
the enterprise of their teachers, and regulated
according to their own discretion. Their sup-
port is derived wholly from the tuition fees
levied upon each pupil.

Rdigian. By the constitution of the state,
every denomination of Christians demeaning
themselves quietly are equally under the pro-
tection of the laws. Of course no control is
exercised by the government over the religious
opinions of its citizens. It is left to the choice
of every individual to what denomination of
Christians to Join himself and pay his tax for
the support of public worship, or whether to
join himself to any denombation or pay any
thing for that object or not. The Congrega-
tionalists are the most numerous sect in New-
Hampshire, and next to these are the Calvin-

istic Baptists. There are also Episcopalians,

■■ I Jill I I ■ I »i II -I

What other means of education are there in the state 7
How are the private schools projected, managed, and sup-
ported ?

Are all denominations of Christians tolerated in New-
Hampshire ? Does the goYemment exercise any confrol
over the religions opinions of the people ? Af ay a person
join himself to. what religious society he may choose, and is
he obliged to pay anything for the support of public worshin f
What relieious denomination is the most numerous in the
state ? What are some of the other denominations 7

215 0£NERAL VIEW OF

Quakers, Presbyterians, Free-WHl Baptists,
Methodists, Sandemanians, Untversalists, and
Shakers. Of the latter denomination ther^
are two families, or societies, which have been
particularly noticed in the towns where they
are situated.

Government. The government consists of
three branches. The Legislative, which makes
the laws } the Judicial, which interprets and
applies them to particular cases ; and the Ex-
ecutive, which enforces them or exacts the
penalties for their violation* The more distinct
these three main branches of a government are
kept in the Constitution and usages of a state,
the more will the government conduce to the
happiness of the people, and thus answer the
chief object of all government.

The Legislative power of New- Hampshire
is vested in the House of Representatives and
the Senate. The former is ttie most numerous
branch of the Legislatdre, and is composed of
members chosen annually by the ballots of the
people of the several towns. Every town con-
taining 150 rateable polls, has the right to choose

What are the three branches of sovemment, and what it
the proper sphere of each 7 Should they be kept distinct ?

How is the Legislative power Tested in New-Hampahire ?
Which is tiie most numerous body, and how are the mem-
bers chosen 7 Of how many members is the Senate com-
posed, and how are they chosen ?

NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 217

one representative ; and may choose another
for every 300 ratable polls. The Senate is
connposed of twelve members, who are also
chosen annually by the ballots of the people in
districts formed for that purpose.

The Judicial power is vested in the Judges,
who are nominated and appointed by the Go-
vernor with the advice and consent of the
Council. The Judges hold their offices during
good behaviour. They are divided into two
Courts, called the Supreme Court and the
Court of Common Pleas. The Judicial Courts
are held in all the shire towns of the several
counties.

The Executive power is vested in the Go-
vernor and Council. The Governor is chosen
annually by the ballots of all the people autho-
rized by law to vote in the state. And if then
no one is chosen by the people, one of the two
highest candidates is elected by the Legisla-
ture. The council consists of five persons
chosen annually by the people.

Internal Improvements. The earliest set-

How is the judicial power Tested , and how are the mdii^es
appointed ? How long do the judges hold their offices ? How
are they divided ? Where are the judicial courts held ?

How is the executive power vested ? How is the Gover-
nor chosen 1 If there is no choice by the people, how is the
Governor chosen 7 How many councillors are there, and
how are they chosen ?

218 GENERAL VIEW OF

llements of New-Hampshire were made chiefly
with reference to the real or supposed fertility
of the land. These settlements, from the na-
ture of tlie motives which would determine
the first inhabitants in the selection of their
places of residence, were necessarily scattered
over almost the whole face of the country.
The roads connecting the settlements or vil-
lages were crooked and rough, indeed, at first ;
but have been improved from time to time as
the necessities of the public have required, and
the abilities of the people have allowed.
, The common roads have now become very
numerous, leading from town to town and vil-
lage to village, and thus intersecting the whole
surface of the state. The common roads and
bridges are constructed and kept in repair by
an annual tax, levied upon the polls and pro-
perty of the inhabitants of the several towns.
As the population and wealth of the towns in-
crease, and the consequent demands for more
ready intercourse between them become more
sensibly fek, the established roads are improved,

What determined the choice of the early settlers of New-
Hampshire as to places to be occupied by them ? How
were the settlements situated with regard to each other ?
What kind of roads had the settlers at first ?

What is said of the common roads at the present time ?
How are the roads and bridges constructed and kept in re-
pair? Are the common roads m4de better from year to

HEW-HAMPSHIRE. 219

and such new ones are constructed as the pub-
lic convenience may require. Much of the
state being yet but thinly peopled, and the sur-
face of the country being uneven and rocky,
the construction and annual repairs of the
roads form a heavy item in the public burdens
of the community.

In addition to the means of intercommuni-
cation by the common or free roads, are the
turnpikes^ of which there are more than fifty
in the state. These public highways owe their
origin chiefly to the supposed demands of the
business between their extremities, with com-
paratively litde reference to the convenience of
the inhabitants occupying the intermediate ter-
ritory. They are constructed and kept in re-
pair by the enterprise of private individuals,
incorporated into companies by the Legislature,
with the right to erect gates upon them, and
exact from travellers a toll fixed by the act of
incorporation. The turnpikes have frequently
been a convenience to the public, and have
sometimes changed the course of travel and
business; but to their projectors they have
generally been unproductive, and frequently

year ? What is said of the expense of keeping the roads in
repair ?

What other roads are there besides the common or free
roads 7 To what do turnpikes owe their origin ? How are
they constructed and kept in repair 7 Have the turnpikes

220 GENERAL VIEW OF

ruinous. The tolls gathered from travellers
are too inconsiderable to keep the roads in re-
pair, and refund to the owners their original
cost. Besides the common or free bridges,
which are supported like the common roads by
a tax upon the towns in which they are situ-
ated, New-Hampshire has an unusual number
of larger and expensive bridges over the Con-
necticut and Merrimack rivers, built by corpo-
rations, created for the purpose, and supported
by tolls.

Several long and expensive equals have been
projected in New-Hampshire, and routs have
been examined and surveyed to determine
their practicability. Among these are a canal
to connect the waters of Jjake Winnepissiogee
with those of Portsmouth Harbour, and others
to connect the waters of Connecticut and Mer-
rimack Rivers at several places. But no ex-
tensive work of the kind has yet been accom-
plished.

The facilities for the transportation of heavy
articles to the interior of the state, has been

been generally profitable to their owners ? What other
bridges are there in JNew-Hampshire besides the Tree bridges?
How are the latter built and supported ?

What long and ezpensiye panals have been projected in
New-Hampshire ? Hare any of them been completed ?

How have the facilities for transportation been much in*
creased within a few years 1

NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 2^1

greatly increased within a few years by short
canals and other improvements made in the
navigation of Connecticut and Merrimack Ri-
vers, These have been noticed in the several
towns where they are situated.

Mountains. The mountains of New-Hamp-
shire form a bold and striking feature of the
state. As they have been separately and par-
ticularly described in the several towns and
counties where they are situated, it only re-
mains here to give a general view of them,
classed into groups and ridges. Beginning at
tlie eastern side of the state, the surface of the
country from the sea-coast extends about
thirty miles to the west nearly level, at least
without the occurrence of any considerable
mountain. The first range of mountains ex-
tends from TeneriiFe, in Milton, through Far-
mington and Strafford, to Saddleback, in North-
wood and Deerfield. This range of mountains
is known by the general name of " Blue Hills."
Moose and Ossipee Mountains are situated fur-
ther from the coast in the interior of the state,
and are much higher elevations than any of the
range of the Blue Hills. Still farther in the

What ;8 said of the mountains of New-Hampshire gener-
ally 1 What is the face of the country in the eastern part of
the state ? What is the extent of the first range of moun-
tains, and what is it called ? How are Moose and Ossipee
Mountains situated 1 V^hat is the next range of mountains,

"ZIl^'M GENERAL VIEW OF

interior, lies the great White Mountain Range,
which includes the principal mountains of the
state, and extends in a northerly and southerly
direction from the White Mountains in Coos
county, to the Grand Monadnock in Cheshire.
These separate the waters of the Connecticut
and the Merrimack, the two principal rivers in
the state. Although this range of mountains is
broken by many deep valleys and plains, yet
the general features of the several elevations,
and their position, are such as to afford a pro-
priety for calling them by the common name of
the White Mountain Range. In the northerly
part of the state are several mountains, which
do not seem to belong to any particular class
or range, but extend in several short ridges at
right angles with the Connecticut River.

Rivers. Five of the largest rivers in New-
England, viz. the Connecticut, Ameriscoggin,
Merrimack, Pascataqua, and Saco, either take
their rise within the limits of New-Hampshire,
or receive much of their waters from its moun-
tains. These, as well as the numerous smaller
streams, have been particularly, described as

and what is the extent of it ? What streams does this range
of mountains separate ? Why are these mountains called
the " White Mountain Range ?" What is said of several of
the mountains in the northerly part of the state ?

What five large rivers have their principal sources in
Mew-Hampshire 1

NEW-HAMPSHIRE. S23

they exist in the several counties of the state.
It remains here, therefore, only to present a
connected view of the most important of those
which are common to two or more counties.

Amonoosuck River, sometimes called Great
or Lower Amonoosuck, is a considerable stream
in both Coos and Grafton counties. Having
its head sources in the western slope of the
White Mountains, it has in Coos county a very
rapid current, and is subject to sudden rises,
which sometimes do much damage to property
on its banks. Its ordinary depth before it
enters Grafton county is not above four feet,
but after copious rains it has suddenly ri^en to
the depth of twenty feet, and spread out to the
width of sixty feet. After receiving numerous
tributary streams in Grafton county, it empties
into the Connecticut by a mouth three hundred
feet wide.

Connecticut River rises in the highlands
vrhith separate the northern part of New-Hamp-
shire from Lower Canada. It pursues a south-
erly course, and its western bank forms the

Where is Amonoosuck River situated 7 Where are its
sources , and what is said of itd current and rises in Coos
County? What is its common depth before it reaches
Grafton County 7 How high has it been known to rise 7
How wide is it then 7 Into what stream does it empty, and
how wide is it at its mouth 7

Where does the Connecticut rise 7 What is its general

224 GENERAL VIEW OF

entire boundary between New- Hampshire and
Vermont, a distance of one hundred and se-
venty miles. Its breadth when it first touches
Vermont is about one hundred and fifty feet,
and in the course of sixty miles it increases to
about three hundred and ninety. In Massa-
chusetts and Connecticut, it varies from 450 to
-1050 feet. Its depth below Fifteen-Mile Falls,
in Lyman, may be estimated at from 5 to 12
feet. The whole length of the river from
its source to Long-Island Sound is 410 miles. It
is navigable for sloops 50 miles to Hartford, in
Connecticut ; and by means of improvements
made recently in its navigation, steam-boats
pass up to Springfield in Massachusetts. Boats
and raits ascend the river to Fifteen-Mile Falls,
two hundred and fifty miles above Hartford.
The channel of the river is frequently inter-
rupted by rapids and falls, among the most im-
portant of which in New-Hampshire are Bel-
lows' Falls, Waterqueechy and White River
Falls, and Fifteen-Mile Falls. These have
been particularly noticed in the several towns
where they occur, and have all except the last
been rendered passable for boats by means of
canals, constructed at an expense of about

course ? What is its breadth ? What is its depth ? What
is its length ? How far is it navigable for sloops ? How far
for steam-boats ? How far is it passable for boats and rafts ?
By what is the current of the river frequently interrupted ?
What has been expended to render the falls and rapids on

NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 225

^36,000. The banks of the Connecticut are
formed generally of the most fertile and pro-
ductive interval lands, extending from half a
mile to five miles in width. The whole coun-
try through which it flows is delightful, well
cultivated, and populous. With respect to its
length, utility, and beauty, Connecticut River

^"J is the most important and remarkable stream

^ in New-England.

Contoocook River is a very important
stream. It receives tributary waters from five
different counties. Having the greater part of
its course in a hilly country, it is a very rapid
stream, and has a great many falls, which afford
water-power for mills and factories of an al-
most unlimited extent. The falls of the Con-
toocook as well as those of many of its numerous
tributary streams, are already occupied by
many important manufacturing establishments.
The Contoocook empties into the Merrimack
at Boscawen, and becomes neair its mouth a
large river, having in several towns pretty ex-
tensive and very fertile intervals on its banks.

the Connecticut passable for boats in this state ? What is
said of the banks of the Connecticut ? Of the country through
which it flows ? Of its length, utility, and beauty ?

What is said of the Contoocook and its sources ? What is
the face of the country through which the Contoocook flows 1
Are the falls of this river extensively occupied by mills and
factories 1 Where does the Contoocook emp^, and what is
said of its banks near the mouth ?

226 OENEBAL TIEW OF

Merrimack River, Next to the Connecti-'
cut, Merrimack River is the largest and most
important stream in the state. It is formed in
Merrimack County by the junction of two large
rivers, tlie Pemigewasset and the Winnepissi-
ogee. The former takes its rise near the Notch
in the White Mountains, and the latter in the
large and beautiful Lake which gives the river
its name. The main sources of the Merri-
mack are as high as those of the Connecticut,
and having a much shorter course to the
ocean, it is a far more rapid and violent stream.
The length of the Merrimack in New-Hamp-
shire is about seventy-eight miles, and in Mas-
sachusetts before it reaches the ocean at New-
bury port, it is thirty-five miles, making its
whole length from the confluence of its main
branches to the ocean, one hundred and thir-
teen miles. Numerous rapids and falls ob-
struct its course, the principal of which in New-
Hampshire are particularly described in the
towns where they are situated. Notwithstand-
ing its natural obstructions, the Merrimack, by

What is said of the size and importance of the Merrimack?
How and where is the MerrimacK formed ? Where do the
two principal branches of the Merrimack rise 7 What ia
«aid of their heisht above the level of the sea, and the couse-
ooient rapidity of the currents of water in the Merrimack ?
What is the leneth of the Merrimack in Mew-Haropshire ?
What is its whole length 1 How is the navigation of the
river obstructed 7 How far and by what means have these

NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 227

means of numerous locks and canals, has been
rendered passable for boats from its mouth to
Concord. And by means of the Middlesex
Canal in Massachusetts, a communication by
water is opened between Concord and Boston.
The several canals constructed to facilitate the
boat navigation of the river, have been particu-
larly described in the , towns of Manchester,
Hooksett, and Bqw, where they are severally
situated. The total expense of the works un-
dertaken and completed upon Merrimack River
in New- Hampshire, to improve its navigation
below Concord, has been about $140,000.
But by means of this enterprise a vast, lucra-
tive, and constantly increasing trade, has been
opened to the interior of the state. Upon the
banks of the Merrimack are situated many
fine tracts of interval land ; but the river being
more rapid in its course than the Connecticut,
the intervals are narrower than those of that
river, and are more often broken by the pro-
jection of rough lands which extend quite to
the stream.

obstructions been overcome ? What canal in Massachusetts
opens a communication by water between Concord and
Boston? What has been the expense of the works to improve
the boat navigation of the Merrimack in New-Hampshire be-
low Concord? What advantages have the state derived
from these works ? What is said of the intervals upon the
banks of the Merrimack-7

228 GENERAL VIEW OF

Pascataqua River is the only considerable
stream whose entire course is in NeW-Hamp-
shire. It is formed of numerous small but
rapid rivers, and has itself a short but deep and
swift current to the ocean. It is navigable for
vessels of 260 tons, its whole length to within
a mile of the lower falls in Somersworth. The
tide sets up the Pascataqua its whole length,
and at its ebb, forms a current so rapid that it
never freezes, and it is with some difficulty that
ferry boats can cross it.

Ltdkes and Ponds, The principal Lakes
and Ponds in New-Hampshire, have been par-
ticularly described in the accounts of the seve-
ral towns and counties where they are situated.
The number of ponds, springs, and smaU
streams, form a remarkable feature in the sur-
face of the state. No state in New-England
is so conveniently and abundantly watered as
New-Hampshire.

History. The first discovery of any part of
New-Hampshire was made in 1614, by Capt.
John Smith. This navigator sailed along the
coast from the Penobscot in Maine, to Cape

What 18 said of the Pascataqaa 1 How is it formed, aod
what is its length and current ? How far. is it nari^ble 7
How far does the tide set up the Pascataqaa ? What is said
of its current at the ebb tide 7

What is said of the number of lakes, ponds, springs, and
■mall streams in New-Hampshire 7

When and by whom was the first discoTexy of the Btatei

NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 229

Cod in M.assachusetts ; and on his return to
England', he gave so favourable an account of
the country, that the name of New-England
was given to it. The first settlements made
by white people in New-Hampshire, were at
Dover and Portsmouth in 1623, only three
years after tlie landing of the pilgrims at Ply-
mouth in Massachusetts. The next settle-
ments made in the state were at Exeter and
Hampton, in 1638. The inhabitants of these,
and indeed of all places early occupied by
white people, were much annoyed by the Indi-
ans, who then inhabited this region. The soil
of the state, so far as then explored, was con-
sidered inferior to that of Massachusetts and
Connecticut ; and this fact, together with the
unsettled condition of the government of the
colony, and the unprecedented and persever-
ing hostility of the Indians, may be assigned as
the causes why the English settlements in
New- Hampshire proceeded more slowly than
those in the neighbouring colonies of Massa-
chusetts and Connecticut. The colony was
twice united with that of Massachusetts, and its

made? Why was the country of which New-Hampshire
formed a part, called New-England ? Where were the first
settlements in New-Hampshire made ? When and where
were the next settlements made];? By whom were the early
settlers much annoyed ? Why did the settlements of New-
Hampshire proceed more slowly than those of Massachusetts
and Connecticut 7 With what colony was New-Hampshire

230 GENERAL VIEW OF

final separation did hot take place till 1741, at
which time the boundaries between the two
colonies were settled. In the repeated and
general wars with the Indians, New-Hampshire
suffered far more than any other of the New-
England colonies. Husbandmen were sur-
prised and slaughtered in their fields, and wo-
men and children were carried away, and the
most distressing scenes of individual misery
occurred almost daily. ' These cruelties from
the Indians were without doubt often provoked
by the harsh treatment which they received
from the white people ; but they were more
generally produced by the interference of the
French in Canada, who had frequent intercourse
with the savages. As the population of New-
Hampshire increased, and the frontiers extend-
ed themselves more widely, Indian incursions
became less frequent 5 and after the cession of
Canada by France to England, the province
was entirely exempted from their ravages.

In the war of the revolution, New-Hampshire
bore an important and honourable part. On

united? When was it finally separated? Did this state
suffer more or less than other colonies in the Indian wars f
What kind of sufferings had they to bear from the Indians 7
How were the hostilities of the Indians generally produced ?
When did they cease entirely ?

What part did Mew-Hampshire take in the War of the
Revolution ? How many men did the state send to the as-
sistance of their brethren in Boston^ when they heard of the

. NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 231

the news of the massacre at Lexington, twelve
hundred men marched to the assistance of their
brethren in Boston. A month previous to the
Declaration of Independence by the General
Congress, the assembly of the Province of
New-Hampshire appointed a committee to
make a draugiit of a declaration, in favour of
entire separation from Great Britain* One of
the most brilliant actions of the war of the revo-
lution was fought at Bennington, in Vermont, by
General Stark, an oflScer of New-Hampshire,
with a body of militia, in part from this state.
Few of the states contributed so many men in
proportion to their population, to the support of
the contest for freedom. When independence
was achieved and peace had arrived, this state
found herself oppressed by a load of debt, to
discharge which heavy taxes were necessarily
imposed. The consequence was discontent
among the people, and the disaffection rose to
such a height that a body of armed men be-
sieged the Legislature in its Hall. The vigor-

massacre at Lexington? What decided stand had New-
Hampshire taken against the oppressions of Great Britain
before the Declaration of independence by the General Con-
gress 7 What distinguished general officer did New-Hamp-
shire furnish in the Revolution 1 Where did General Stark
distinguish himself? What part of the burden of the Revo*
lution did this state bear ? What was the condition of New-
Hampshire immediately afler the Revolution ? What were
the couBequences of the heavy taxes ? How was the insoi'

232 REVIEW OF THE STATE.

ous measures adopted by Governor Sullivan
immediately crushed the rebellion, and restored
peace to the state. Under the constitution of
of the United States, Nevv-Hampsiiire has
steadily advanced in population, wealth, and
the general diffusion of knowledge.

rection suppressed ? What has been the prosper!^ ofNew-
Hampshire under the Constitution of the United States ?

GENERAL REVIEW OF THE STATE.

Draw the shape of New-Hampshire on a large scale. How
is it bounded on the north 7 On the east ? -South ? West ?
Draw the Isles of Shoals. Which way from Portsmouth are
the Isles of Shoals ?

Into how many counties is the state divided ? Name
them. In vhat part of the state is Coos County 7 Draw the
line bounding it on the south. How is the county bounded
on the north ? East ? South ? West?

Draw Graflon County. How is it bounded on the north 7
East ? South ? West ?

Draw Sullivan County. How is it bounded on the north ?
East ? South ? West ?

Draw Cheshire County. How is it bounded on the north ?
East 1 South ? West ?

Draw Merrimack ( 'ounty. How is it bounded on the north t
East ? South ? West ?

Draw Hillsborough County. How is it bounded on the
north ? Knst ? South ? West ?

Draw Strafford County. How is it bounded on the north T
East ? South ? West 1

How is Rockingham County bounded ?

Name the principal ranges of mountains, beginning the east
side of the state.

REVIEW OF THE STATE. 233

Mark the place of Teneriife Mountain on your drawing.
Mark the place of Saddleback Mountain.

In what town is Ossipee Mountain ? Mark its place.
Where is Moose Mountain? Mark its place. Where is
Gunstock Mountain ? Mark its place. Where are the White
Mountains ? Mark their place. Which is the highest peak 1
What other high mountains belong to the White Mountain
range ? Mark the place of Sandwich Mountain. In what
towns is it situated ? Mark the place of Kearsarge Moun-
tain. Between what towns is it situated ?

Mark the place of Sunapee Mountains. In what towns are
they situated ? Mark the place of the Grand Monadnock.
In what towns is it situated ?

In what towns is Croydon Mountain ? . Mark its place. In
what town is Cardigan Mountain ? Mark its place. In what
town is Carr's Mountain 7 Mark its place. Where is Squam
Mountain situated ? Mark its place. Mark the place of
great Haystack Mountain. Where is Pigwacket Mountain ?
Where is Bowback Mountain ? Mark its place.

What is the general surface of the state? What parts are
most mountainous, and what parts are most level ?

What are the principal rivers of New-Hampshire ? Which
is the largest river in the state ? What falls are there on the
Connecticut in New-Hampshire ?

[Remark. If the places of the mills and factories on a
river are not recollected by the pupil when he is engaged in
the general review of the st^te, let him observe on the map
through what towns the river passes, and refer to the ac-
counts of those towns in his Geography.]

Mark the position of the falls on Connecticut River?
How far is the Connecticut passable for boats ? How are
the falls rendered passable ?

What is the quality of the land on the banks of the Con-
necticut River T

Name the principal towns you will pass in New-Hampshire,
in going up Connecticut River.

What rivers flow into the Connecticut from New-Hamp-
shire ? Draw Ashuelot River. Draw Cold River. Sugar
River. In what town does that empty into the Connecticut ?
Draw Mascomy River. Draw Amonoosuck River, audits
branches What falls are there upon this stream? Draw
Upper Amonoosuck. Draw Mohawk River.

Draw Merrimack River. What two rivers unite to form
Merrimack River ?

234 KEVIEW OF THE STATE.

Draw Pemigewasset River, and its branches. Which is
Mad River ? Mark Barker's River. Smith's River.

, Draw Wijinepissiogee River. What large rivers flow into
the Merrimack from the west ? Draw the Contoocook and
its branches. What falls, mills, and factories, do you recol-
lect on this stream ?

Draw Pascataqua River. In what town does this river
fall into the Merrimack ? Draw Souhegan River. Draw
Nashua River. In what town does it fall into the Merrimack ?
What rivers flow into the Merrimack from the east ? Draw
Soucook River ? Draw Suncook River ? -

What falls and canals do you recollect on Merrimack
River? How far into New-Hampshire is the Merrimack
passable for boats ?

Draw Pascataqua River. What rivers are tributary to
the Pascataqua ? How far is this river navigable ? Draw
Salmon Fall River. What mills and factories are there upon
this stream ?

Draw Cocheco River. What falls, mills, and factories, are
there upon this stream ? Draw Great Bay, and the streams
which empty into it. Which is Lamprey River? What
falls, mills, and factories, are there upon Lamprey River ?
Which is Exeter River ? What falls, mills, and factories,
are there upon this stream ?

Draw Saco River, and its branches. Through what state
does this river pass before it empties into the ocean 1 Draw
Ameriscoggin River.

In what part of the state is Umbagog Lake ? Draw it
Where is Lake Connecticut ?

Draw Squam Lake. Draw Ossipee Lake. What rivers
flow into this lake ? Draw them. Draw Winnepissiogee
Lake. Draw Sunapee Lake. In what counties is it ? Where
is Portsmouth Harbour ? Mark the place of Great Boar's
Head.

What is the capital of the state ? Whore do the Legisla-
ture meet? Which is the most commercial town in the
statle ? What town has the largest population ?

Which is the largest county in New-Hampshire in terri-
tory ? Which is the largest iii population ? Which is the most
commercial county? Which is the smallest county in po-
pulation in the state ? Which is the smallest in territory 1

What is the shire town of Coos County ? Mark its place.
What are the shire towns of Grafton County ? Mark their
places. What are the shire towns of Strafibrd County ?

REVIEW OF THE STATE. ^35

Mark their places. What are the shire towns of Rocking-
ham County? Mark their places. What is the shire town
of Merrimack County ? Mark its place. What is the shire
town of Hillsborough County ? Mark its place. What is
the shire town of Sullivan County ? Mark its place. What
is the shire town of Cheshire County ? Mark its place.

Which way from Concord is Lancaster 7 Haverhill 1
Plymouth ? Gilford ? Dover ? Portsmouth ? Amherst 1
Newport ? Keene ?

What towns in New-Hampshire are most distinguished for
the manufacture of cotton and woollen goods ?

What are the chief agricultural products of the state ?

What college is there in New-Hampshire 1 Mark the
situation of Hanover.

How many academics are there in the stite 1 Mark the
places of as many as you can recollect, and name the towns
as you mark them. What other means of education have the
people of New-Hampshire ?

What towns were nrst settled in New-Hampshire 1 Mark
them. What towns were first settled on Connecticut Ri-
ver 1 What race of men inhabited the state when white
people be^an to make settlements in it ? What was the dis-
position of the Indians towards the white people 1 What
produced the hostility of the savages against the white peo-
ple ? How did they show their hostility ? What towns
suffered most from Indian barbarity 1 Mark the several
towns, and relate any circumstances you may recollect of
their sufferings from the Indians.

CENSUS

NEW-HAMPSHIRE,

For the Year 1890.

ROCKINGHAM COUNTY.

Atkinson

655

Newington
New-Maiket .

649

Brentwood

891

3013

Candia

1362

Newtown

610

Chester

2039

North Hampton

767

Deerfield

2086

Northwood

1342

Deny

2178

Nottingham .

1157

East Kingston

442

Plaistow

691

Epping

1263

Poplin

429

Exeter

2769

Portsmouth

8082

GoBport

103

Raymond

1000

Greenland

681 Rye

1172

Hampstead

913 Salem

1310

Hampton

1103

Sandown

653

Hampton-Falls
Hawke

583

Seabrook

1096

628

South Hampton

4S7

Kensington

717

Stratham

838

Kingston

929

Windham

1006

Londonderry .
New-Castle •

1469

860

36 Towns.

44,462

RAFFORD COUNTY.

Alton

1993

Durham

1606

Barnstead

2047

Eaton

1432

Barrtngton •

1895

Effingham

1911

Brookfield

671

Farmington

1464

Burton

326

(lilmanton

3816

Centre Harbour

677

Gilford

1872

Chatham

419

Lee

1009

Conway

1601

Madbury

610

DOYBA

6449

Mereditii

2683

237

STRAFFORD

Milton
Middleton
Moultonborough
New-Durham .
New- Hampton
Ossipee

iRochester .
Sanbornton

COUNTY CONTINUED.

1273
562
1422
1162
1904
2165
5157
28G6

Sandwich
Somersworth .
Strafford
Tam worth
Tuftonborough
Wakefield
Wolfeborough .

Allenstown

Andover

Boscawen

Bow

Bradford

CaJiterbury

Chichester

Concord

Dunbarton

Epsom

FiBbersfield

Franklin

Henniker

Amherst

Antrim

Bedford

Brookline

Deering

Dunstaole

Francestown

Goffstown

Greenfield

Hancock

Hillsborough

Hollis

Hudson

Litchfield

Lyndeborough

Manchester

4^1
1324
2093
1065
1285
1663
1084
3727
1067
1418

798
1370
1725

1657
1309
1554

627
1227
2417
1540
2213

946
1316
1792
1501
1282

505
1147

877

2743
3090
2200
1554
1376
1470
1928

58,916

COUNTY.

Hooksett

880

Hopkinton

2474

London

1642

New-IiOndon .

913

Northfield

1169

Pembroke

1312

Pittsfield

1271

Salisbury

1379

Sutton

1424

Warner

9.m

Wilmot

.834

34,619

JH COUNTY.

Mason

1403

Merrimack

1191

Milford

. ^ 1303

Mount Vernon

763

New-Boston .

1680

New-Ipswich .

1673

Pelham

1075

Peterborough .

1984

Sharon

271

Society Land '.

164

Temple

647

Weare

2430

Wilton

1041

Windsor

226

37,762

238

Alstead

Chesterfield

Dublin

Fitzwilliam

Gilsum

Hinsdale

Jaffrey

IkEENE

Marlborough
Marlow
Nelson
Richmond

CHESHIRE COUNTY. ,

Rindge

Roxbury

Stoddard

Sullivan

Surry

Swanzey

Troy

Walpole

Westmoreland

Winchester

1669

2046

1218

1229

642

937

1364

2374

822

646

876

1301

1269

322

1169

. 655

639

1816

676,

1979

1647

2052

27,016

Acworth

Charlestovm

Claremont

Cornish

Croydon

Goshen

Grantham

Langdon

Barilett

Bretton Woods

Colebrook

Columbia

Dalton

Dixville

Dummer

ErroU

Jefferson

Jackson

Kilkenny

Lancaster .

Millsfield

Milan

Northumberland

Piercy ' .

Randolph •

SULLIVAN COUNTY.
1401

1773
2526
1687
1057

772
1079

667

Lempster

Newport

Plainfield

Springfield

Unity

Washington

Wen dell

COOS COUNTY.

644
108
642
442
632
2

82
406
315

27
1187

33
243
342
236
143

999
1913
1681
1202.
1258
1135
637

19,687

Stratford . . 443

Shelbume . . 312

Stewaitstown . . 629

Success . . 14

Hart's Location . 33

Winslow's Location 48

Whitefield . . 686

Shelbume Ad'n . Ill

Third College Grant 6

First College Grant 81

Wentworth's Location 33

Indian Stream . 304

Berlin . . 70
Nash & Sawyer's Location 18

Public Lands . . 45

Hale's Location . 30

8390

239

GRAFTON COUNTY.

Alexandria

1083

Bath

1626

Bethlehem

665

Bridge water .

783

Bristol

799

Campton

1313

Canaan

1428

CoTentry

441

Danbory

786

Dorchester

702

Dame's Gore .

Ellsworth

234

Enfield

1492

Franconia

443

Graflon

1207

Groton

689

Hanover

2361

Hayeruill .

2153

Hebron

538

Holdemess

. 1429

Landaff

951

Lebanon

1868

Lime

1804

Lincoln

Lisbon

1485

Littleton

1436

Lyman

1321

Mew-Chester .

1090

Orange

405

Orford

1829

Peeling

291

Piermont

1042

Plymouth

1175

Rumney

993

Thornton

1049

Warren

702

Wentworth

924

Waterville

37
Total number of inhabitants, 269,533.

38,691

A GLOSSARY,

EXPLAINING THE GEOGRAPHICAL AND OTHER DIFFI-
CULT TERMS AS USED IN THIS BOOK.

•Sbandoned, Left, with no intention of returning to it.

Jlborigines. First inhabitants ; Indians.

mAbruft. Steep.

»AchieoeA. Gained, obtained.

JidjacetU. Lying near or next to.

•dggregatet The mass formed by the union of several things of the
same kind. The aggregate population of a county is the population
of the several towns added together.

tAgricuUtwal. Connected with the tilling of the ground ; an agricul-
tural town is one in which the people are farmers.

Jiltemately. Changing from one to the other.

mSngler. A fisherman.

Jinnoyed. Troubled, attacked and frightened.

Jinnu'iUy, Every-year.

mSppandus. A collection of curious and useful instruments to explain
the principles of any science.

Jlppropriated. Set apart for, used for.

•Aqueduct. Something built of wood or stone to convey water from
one place to another.

•Shrahle. Suitable for ploughing.

JirUficial, Made by men.

JSscend, To go up.

tSaaauU. Attack.

»AirociUe», Cruelties.

JBoitofo. Written or printed votes.

Bank. Several rich men are incorporated and allowed to print bank
bills, which thev pass for money, and in which they promise to pay
in silver or rold the same sum to any one who presents them and
demands sucn payment. The company of men form a banking in-
stitution, and the place where they keep their money, and redeem
their bills, is called a bank. .

JBose. Bottom.

BenefMtor. One who does good.

Besieged. A place is besieged when men place themselves around it,
and will not let the people come out.

Canal. A long excavation in the earth filled with water, which is con-
veyed to some place where it is wanted, or used to float boats upon.

Cdnopy. Covering.

Capita*, A town where the legislature meets.

242 GLOSSARY.

Captured. Seized. Taken in war.

Cargoes. Loads carried by boats or resseb.

CcuKS. Vessels for containing liquors, formed by Btaves, heading, and

hoops, such as hogsheads, barrels, kegs.
Cave. A hollow pli^e in the earth.
Cavern. A natural hole, or hollow in (he^ earth or rocks.
Celebrated, Known at a great distance, and much talked about.

Celehrity, Fame ; being well known at a distance.

vmg up. Yi
Clunracterixed. Distinguished.

Cesctons. Giving up. Yielding.

Charcoal. Wood burnt into coals, generally in places called coal-pits.

Circvitotu. Crooked.

Circular. Nearly round.

Circumference. ^ Distance round. The length ofa line that will reach
round a tree is its circumference.

ChuAef, A collection, near together.

Commercial. Relating to disUmt trade.

CovMnodious. Convenient.

Cornmunicalior^ Intercourse. Visiting.

Compatilu. Closely; thickly.

Computea. Reckoned. Supposed. Estimated.

Concealed. Hid.

Conjecture. Supposition.

Coiutitvied. Maae; incorporated.

Constructed. Built.

County. Several towns united together by law. 4- county always has
one or more towns containing a court-house and jail, called a shire
town. •

Court-kouse. A building belonging to the county, in which the courts
meet to try people for breakmg the laws.

Crevices. Cracks. Fissures.

Cuttivated. Tilled ; or ploughed, planted, hoed, and taken care of.

Ciure. To salt, and dry.

Curiosity. Any thing unusual which excites a desire of seeing, or de-
serves to be seen.

Cylindrical. Round, and as large at one end as the other.

Declivity. Descent, or slope.

Dens. Holes or hollows in rocks, in which wild beasts lire.

Depredations. Plundering.

Deprivations. Hardships, or Bufferings, from wint.

Duuge. Agreat rain.

Descend. To go down.

Develope. Discover. Show.

Dismay. Terror felt ; fear impressed.

Dispersed. Scattered.

Dinohes. Melts, falls to pieces.

Distillery. A place where the spirit or essence is extracted from plants,
herbs, or liquors.

Diversifted. Varied.

Droughts, Dry times, or seasons.

Edifice. A building ; generally a public building.

GLOSSARY. 243

Elevation. Height of land.

JEmbosoming, Surrounding, enclosing.

Emigrated. Gone off. Removed to distant places.

Eminence. A high piece of land.

Endowed. Enrichecl with a permanent, fund.

Erected. Raised, or built up.

Excavated. Diu; out.

Excavations. Holes, or hollows.

Exclusively. Entirely, wholly.

Expedition. The march of an army to a distant place is called an ex
pedition ; excursion ; enterprize.

Exploring. Discovering, and examining.

Exportation. To be sent to distant places to be sold.

Extremities. Ends.

Facilities. Advantages for any particular purpose.

FacUny. A building in which cioth, and sometimes other articles, are
macie.

Ferry. The place or passage where boats pass over to convey passen-
gers.

Fertile. Rich, bearing good crops.

Fissures. Cracks.

Fbrecast. Knowledge of things that are to happen.

J^orert*. Woods ; uncleared land covered with trees.

For'^e. A place where metals are vnrought by hammering them into
various shapes.

Fort. A place enclosed with high banks or walls to defend those with-
in it against enemies without.

FouofUain, A spring of running water.

Freight. Shiploads.

Frontier. A frontier setlement was one situated on the outside of
others, and nearest to the places inhabited by the Indians.

Furnace. A kind of large oven in which metal is melted to be cast into
various shapes.

Chirrisoned. Possessed and defended.

Goods. Things bought and sold by merchants and traders.

Grazing. Pasturing ; grazing land is land used for pasturing.

Grist-mill. A mill where corn and other grain is ground into meal.

Harvests. Fruits or crops raised upon the earth.

Herds. Droves.

HiU. A high piece of land, having steep sides.

Horizontal. Level.

Hostile. Unfriendly; inimical.

Hospitality. Kind treatment to strangers at your house.

Husbandmen. Farmers ; those who cultivate the land.

Impregnated. Filled by mixture.

Indigent, Poor; destitute of property.

Incorporated. Formed into towns. ITnited by law.

Incursions. Attacks at their homes in their own country.

Indicate. To point out, to show.

Industrious. People who are constantly employed without wasting
' any of their time are called industrious.

Inexhaustible, That which can never fail, or be used up.

244 GLOSSARY.

Infirm, Sick; weakly.

Inheritance. What one receives from his ancestors in consequence of

being their descendant.
Intercommunication. Groing backwards and forwards between places.
Intermediate. Between.

Intenal, Land lying low between hills or on the banks of rivers.
Invalids. People in poor health.
Irrigate. To water, to moisten.

Island. A portion of land entirely surrounded by water.
Issue. Run out of.

Issties. Runs out ; a stream issues from a moimtain.
Jail. A prison.
Kiln. A place built of stone or brick for the purpose of heating or

burning any thing.
Lake. An extensive collection of water surrounded by land. A lake is

lareer than a pond.
Launched. Plunged into the water.
Lime. A substance of which mortar is made. Lime is produced by

burning shells and a particular kind of stone.
Loam. Light earth, or soil.
Lucrative. Profitable.
Lumber. Timber sawed, or split for use, such as beamsj joists, and

boards.
Machinery ; or machines, ^re instruments doing the work of men and

used in factories.
Mcmetuvres, Exercises.
Manufactured. Made by hand or machinery.
Markets. Places where tliines are constantly bought and sold.
Masonry. Bricks or stone laid up in mortar by masons.
Massacre. Slaughter; murder.
Meadows. Low, wet land.
Mechanical. Mechanical business is employed in making with tools^

things for the convenience of men as chair-making, shoe-making,

b rick-lay ine.
Merchants. Persons engaged in trading at distant places.
Metals. Metals are iron, lead, copper.
MiU-privilege. A place on or near a stream, having a fall of water

sufficient to carry a mill.
MiU-sites. Places for mills.
3ftne. A place in the earth whfere gold, or silver, iron, or lead, or

coal, is found.
Minerals. A stone or earthy substance ; generally, it means one of an

uncommon or valuable kmd.
Mountain. A large and high elevation of land, higher and larger than

a hill.
Mountainous, Having a great many mountains.
Munificence. Generosity ; liberality.

Navigation. The passing up and down a stream with boats and rafls«
Navy. Ships armed with guns and men, to carry on war.
Neighbours. Persons living near.
Ochre. A kind of earth used for makine coarse paint.
Ore. Iron is commonly found mixed with earth and stones; it then

looks like stone, and is called iron ore.

GLOSSARY. ^5

OreanixaUon. Formation; incorporation* ^

Onginal. First •

Outlet. A stream or brook which nms out of a pond or lake, is its

outlet.
Paper-mill, A mill vrhere paper is manufactured.
Paramount. Very great.

PerUnsula. A narrow neck of land almost surrounded by water.
Permanent. Staying a long time in one place.
Perpendicular. A stick or rule is perpendicular when it stands on one

end, and does not lean to either side.
Pier. A mass of solid stone work, for supporting an arch, or the tim-
bers of a bridge. Sometimes piers are built of wood.
Pinnacle. The very top.

Pond. A small collection of water surrounded by land.
Population. People. The population of a town is the men, women,

or children, who live in it.
Populous. Thick settled ; having many people in them.
Potteries. Places where earthem ware is made.
Precipice. A steep descent of land.
Precipitated, Rolled ; tumbled with violence.
Prisoners. A captive one taken by an enemy in war.
Projecting, Extending out.
Proprietor. Owner.

(luarry. A place where stone may be split, or dug out of the earth*
Quesf. Search.
Raft. A collection of boards, or pieces of timber fastened together,

and floated down a stream.
Ransomed. Bought back with a price.
Rebellion. Taking arms to resist the government.
Refine. Clear; made pure of dross.
Rdics. That which is left of any thing.
Repelled. Drove back.
Residue. Remainder.
Resolved. Determined.
Revolution. A change made by the people in their form of gotemment,

or the war by which this is done.
River. A large stream of water flowing into another river, or into the

sea.
Rivulets, Brooks ; little streams.
RoUing-mdll. A mill for flattening out hot iron.
Rxipe-vmlks. Places where ropes are twisted and made.
Route. Course; tract.
Savages. Indians.

Saw-mill. A mill where boards and timber are sawed out of loss.
Scalped. Having the skin cut from the top of the head with ue hair

on.it.
Sediment. What settles in roily water.
SHtlement. A place in which white people Uved.
Shingles. A thin board sawed, or shaved thicker at one end than the

o&er, for covering buildings.
Shire town, A town where the county courts are held, and the county

records kept.

^6 CTLOSSARY.

Skeletons. The bones of a man or animal without any flesh or skin

upon them.
Slitttji^-miU, A mill for cutting hot iron into narrow stripes.
Slat&fitered, Killed.
SpMious. Extensive; wide.
Spvtngs. Places where the water rises, or bubbles up out of the

ground.
Staves. A thin, narrow piece of timber, of which casks are made.
Sterile. Barren ; unproductive.
Stratagem. A plan for deceiving an enemy.

Subdivtded. Divided again.

Subterraneous. Under ground. i

Subsides. Diminishes, goes down. |

Summits. Tops, highest part

Surmounted. Got over. ^ }

Surprized. Overtaken suddenly*

Surrounding. Standing around, on all sides. ^ ^ 1

Tannert'es. Places where leather is made of skins or hides. ]

Terminating. Ending.

Territory. The territory of a town is the land within its boundaries. I

Thoroughfare. A place through which there is much passing.

Toanahau^s. Little hatchets.

Torrents. Very swift and rapid streams of water.

Township. The land of a town with the streams and ponds belonging
to it.

Trad. A piece of land of considerable extent.

Transparent, Clear ; that can be easily seen through ; glass is trans-
parent.

Transportation^ Carrying from place to place*

Transmrted. Carried. •

Treacnerous. Deceitful.

Tributary. A small stream running into a larger is a tributary to it.

Trip-hammer. A larffe hammer moved by water-power, and used for
beating into shape large and heavy articles of iron.

Trustees. Those who have the cars of an institution, for the benefit of
the public, are called its trustees.

Tump^e. A road having gates built across it, through which travel"
lers cannot pass without paying toll.

Ungranted. U ngranted lands are such as hate not been given away,
or sold by state.

Unproductive. Unprofitable.

Vapour. Fc^ ; clouds.

Vatiegated. Checked, spotted or striped.

Vegetation. Grass, trees, anything that grows on land.

Vicinity. NeigHbourhood, situated round it

Village. AcoQection or number of houses standing near each other.

Ware. Household furniture, such as pots and ketues.

Ware-rooms, Stores, places where goods and merchandize are kept.

Water-power. A fall in a river suitable to carry mills.

Wigwams. Indian huts, or houses.

Wtldemess. Wild land, generally covered with trees.

Zig-zag. Crooked, first one way and then the other.

3 2044 035 958 784

Internet Archive Audio

Featured

Top

Images

Featured

Top

Software

Featured

Top

Texts

Featured

Top

Video

Featured

Top

Mobile Apps

Browser Extensions

Archive-It Subscription

Save Page Now

Full text of "A geography of New-Hampshire"

See other formats